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関連する概念動画

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

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Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
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What is Homeostasis?01:16

What is Homeostasis?

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Maintaining homeostasis requires that the body continuously maintain its internal conditions. Each physiological condition has a particular set point, from body temperature to blood pressure to levels of certain nutrients. A set point is the physiological value around which the normal range fluctuates. A normal range is a restricted set of values that is optimally healthful and stable. For example, the set point for normal human body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F).
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The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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Requirements for Human Life01:26

Requirements for Human Life

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The Earth and its atmosphere have provided humans with air, water, and food, but these are not the only requirements for survival. Humans also require a specific range of temperature and pressure that the Earth and its atmosphere provides.
Oxygen
Atmospheric air is only about 20 percent oxygen, but that oxygen is a key component of the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that produce ATP. Brain cells are susceptible to a lack of oxygen because they require a...
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Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
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地球温暖化を1.5°Cで安定させる人間の必要性

O Hoegh-Guldberg1,2, D Jacob3, M Taylor4

  • 1Global Change Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. oveh@uq.edu.au.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 12, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

地球温暖化によって すでに気温は 1.0°C上昇しています 温暖化を2.0°Cではなく1.5°Cに制限することは 生態系,人間の健康,経済,特に発展途上国にとって極めて重要です

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科学分野:

  • 気候科学
  • 環境科学
  • 世界保健

背景:

  • 大気中の温室効果ガスの濃度は上昇し,世界の平均地表温度は工業化以前の水準より 1.0°C上昇しました.
  • 気候変動に関する政府間パネル (IPCC) の1.5°Cの地球温暖化に関する特別報告書は,より高い温暖化レベルに関連する重大なリスクを強調しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 1.5°Cを超える地球温暖化の追加リスクを検討する.
  • 温暖化が生態系,健康,経済に及ぼす影響を強調する
  • 気候変動の緩和に関する政策決定の情報提供

主な方法:

  • 既存の気候変動研究の文献レビューと統合
  • 1.5°Cの地球温暖化に関するIPCC特別報告書のデータ分析
  • 様々な地域や生態系における 気候関連のリスクの評価

主要な成果:

  • 地球温暖化が2.0°Cに比べて1.5°Cに限ることは,生態系の大部分を保全するために不可欠です.
  • 温暖化を1.5°Cに制限することで,人間の健康と経済に重大な利益がもたらされる.
  • 気候変動に関連するリスクは 温暖化が増加するにつれて大きく増大し 脆弱な地域に影響を及ぼします

結論:

  • 地球温暖化が1.5°Cに制限されるよう,緊急に対策を講じなければなりません.
  • 国連の持続可能な開発目標の達成は,特に低所得国や中所得国の気候リスクの増大によって脅かされています.
  • 気候変動の緩和と適応の取り組みにおける世界的な協力の重要性を強調しています.