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関連する概念動画

Responses to Drought and Flooding02:41

Responses to Drought and Flooding

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Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
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Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

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Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
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The human body predominantly expels water through the urinary system. On average, an individual generates around 1.5 liters of urine each day. This amount can fluctuate based on how well a person is hydrated, but a critical minimum quantity of urine must be produced to ensure the body's proper functioning. Daily, the kidneys remove 600 to 1200 milliosmoles of dissolved substances, effectively excreting excess minerals and water-soluble toxins such as creatinine, urea, and uric acid from the...
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During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

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Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
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The Angiosperm Life Cycle02:39

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Plants have a life cycle split between two multicellular stages: a haploid stage—with cells containing one set of chromosomes—and a diploid stage—with cells containing two sets of chromosomes. The haploid stage is the gamete-producing gametophyte, and the diploid stage is the spore-producing sporophyte.
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Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method EFM
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浸水反応回路における進化的柔軟性

Mauricio A Reynoso1, Kaisa Kajala2,3,4, Marko Bajic5,6

  • 1Center for Plant Cell Biology, Botany and Plant Sciences Department, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 12, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

遺伝子制御ネットワークは 植物は洪水から生き残るのに役立ちます この研究では,4つの植物におけるクロマチンのアクセシビリティと遺伝子発現を分析し,浸水によって活性化される保存された遺伝子と調節要素を発見し,湿地作物の適応特性を明らかにした.

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科学分野:

  • 植物生物学
  • ゲノミクス
  • エコロジー

背景:

  • 洪水のような極端な天候現象は,世界の作物生産と自然生態系に重大な脅威をもたらします.
  • 浸水に対する植物の反応を理解することは 回復力のある作物の開発と 生物多様性の保全に不可欠です

研究 の 目的:

  • 潜水によって活性化される遺伝子調節ネットワークの多様性を研究する.
  • 洪水によるストレス下での保存された種特有の遺伝子調節メカニズムを特定する.

主な方法:

  • クロマチンのアクセシビリティと遺伝子発現の高解像度分析
  • 水の利用可能性 (乾地から湿地まで) に異なる適応を持つ4つのアニオスペルムの比較ゲノミクス.
  • cis 調節要素と転写因子結合部位の分析

主要な成果:

  • 4つの転写因子ファミリーによって調節される保存された潜水活性化遺伝子群が特定された.
  • 合成遺伝子と非合成遺伝子の両方とも,シスモチーフとクロマチンのアクセシビリティが潜水反応に関連していた.
  • 浸水反応のための規制回路は,ユーディコットとモノコットに保存されます.

結論:

  • 特定のシスモチーフの頻度,クロマチンのアクセシビリティ,潜水活性化の程度は種によって異なります.
  • 特に湿地の作物におけるこれらの変動は,洪水から生き残るための適応的重要性を示唆しています.
  • この研究は 植物の洪水への適応の 遺伝的基盤についての洞察を提供します