海洋と陸上の集合体における生物多様性の変化の地理

Shane A Blowes^1,2, Sarah R Supp³, Laura H Antão^4,5,6

¹German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany. sablowes@gmail.com supps@denison.edu maadd@st-andrews.ac.uk.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 19, 2019

まとめ

人間の活動により生物多様性が変化しており, 空間的な変化が著しく見られる. 種構成は世界的に,特に海洋環境では急速に変化していますが,全体的な種豊かさは平均的に安定しています.

科学分野:

エコロジー
環境科学
生物多様性に関する研究

背景:

人類の活動が生物多様性の変化の主な原動力です
観測された生物多様性の傾向は,異なる地理的場所によって大きく異なります.
生物多様性の変化の空間的パターンを理解することは保護に不可欠です

研究の目的:

種豊かさと組成の変化の空間的変化を調査する.
生物多様性のタイムシリーズの大きなデータセットを使用してトレンドを分析する.
海と陸の生物多様性の変化を比較する.

主な方法:

239の独立した研究から 5万以上の生物多様性タイムシリーズを使用した.
種多様性と組成の変化の空間的パターンを分析した.
海洋と陸上の環境に焦点を当てて,異なるバイオームの傾向を比較した.

主要な成果:

生物多様性の変化に明確な地理的差異がみられ空間的構造を示しています
海洋生物は陸地生物よりも速い傾向を示している.
アセンブラージの豊かさは平均的な変化を示さなかったが,いくつかの海洋研究では年間増加と減少が顕著であった.

結論:

生物多様性の変化は空間的に構造化され,地域差が大きい.
構成の再編成は広範囲に広がり,しばしば富の変化とは無関係に発生します.
海洋は地域規模で最も強く変化する生物多様性を表しています

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