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関連する概念動画

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Hepatic Portal System01:21

Hepatic Portal System

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The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
At its core, the hepatic portal vein is the result of a confluence of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins along with the splenic vein. Each of these veins has a unique role. The superior mesenteric vein is...
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Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling01:17

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling

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Enterohepatic cycling involves the active secretion of drugs and their metabolites into the bile via transporters in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. This secretion is an integral part of the digestive process, releasing these substances into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Post-release drugs and metabolites can be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. For conjugated metabolites like glucuronides, reabsorption requires enzymatic hydrolysis by intestinal microflora. This...
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A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
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A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

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C型肝炎

C Wendy Spearman1, Geoffrey M Dusheiko2, Margaret Hellard3

  • 1Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Lancet (London, England)
|October 22, 2019
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

C型肝炎ウイルス (HCV) は世界中で何百万人に感染しており,診断と治療は限られており,撲滅の努力を妨げています. 診断と治療へのアクセスを拡大することは,WHOの2030年目標を達成するために不可欠です.

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A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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Lipid Droplet Isolation for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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科学分野:

  • ヘパトロジー
  • 感染症
  • 公衆衛生

背景:

  • C型肝炎ウイルス (HCV) 感染は,約7100万人の慢性感染者がいる世界的な健康問題です.
  • HCVの感染は主に皮膚経由の血液感染で発生し,薬物注射者,同性愛者,囚人などの高リスクグループがあります.
  • 慢性的なHCV感染は20~30年以内に肝硬変,肝不全,肝細胞癌などの重篤な合併症を引き起こす可能性があります.

研究 の 目的:

  • C型肝炎ウイルスの感染が 世界的に蔓延していることを 強調するためです
  • HCVの診断と治療のギャップを強調する
  • HCVの排除のためのアクセシブルな診断とパンゲノタイプの直接作用抗ウイルス治療の重要性を強調する.

主な方法:

  • 世界的なHCV発生率と流行に関する疫学データ分析.
  • 感染経路と高リスク集団の見直し
  • HCVの現在の診断率と治療開始率の評価

主要な成果:

  • 2015年,世界のHCV感染率は10万人当たり23.7人であり,新規感染者は175万人でした.
  • HCVのゲノタイプ1,3,4は,世界的に最も一般的です.
  • C型肝炎を患っている人のうち 診断を認識している人は20%で 診断された人のうち 治療を受けている人はわずか15%です

結論:

  • 治療効果のある直接作用の抗ウイルス療法にもかかわらず,診断と治療に重大な障壁が残っています.
  • 世界保健機関が定めた2030年のHCV撲滅の目標を達成するには より多くの診断と医療へのつながりが必要です
  • HCVの根絶には,手頃な価格で診療所での診断とパンゲノタイプの直接作用抗ウイルス療法への普遍的なアクセスが不可欠です.