認知症の診断と管理:レビュー
Zoe Arvanitakis1,2, Raj C Shah1,3, David A Bennett1,2
1Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
JAMA
|October 23, 2019
まとめ
認知症は世界中で 何百万人もの人に 影響し アルツハイマー病は 常見の原因です 診断には病歴,認知検査,画像検査が含まれており,治療には非薬理学的および薬理学的戦略が併用され,有効性は限られている.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 高齢者医療
- 認知科学
背景:
- 認知症は世界で4千7百万人に及び 2050年には1億3千1百万人に達すると予測されています
- アルツハイマー病は認知症の主な原因で アメリカでは580万人に感染しています
- 認知症にはしばしば複数の神経病理があり,一般的にアルツハイマー病と脳血管疾患があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 認知症の診断方法について説明します
- 認知症の治療戦略について
- 認知症とアルツハイマー病の流行と影響を強調する
主な方法:
- 診断は,患者の病歴,認知および精神状態の検査,および家族/友人からの確認に基づいています.
- 神経心理検査,身体検査,脳神経イメージング,脳脊髄液検査,遺伝子検査は診断に役立ちます.
- 治療には非薬学的アプローチ (認知活動,運動,社会化) と薬学的選択肢が含まれます.
主要な成果:
- 認知障害と機能障害を特定するために 認知症の診断には包括的な評価が必要です
- 一般的な診断ツールには認知スクリーニングのアンケート,精神状態の検査,神経イメージングが含まれます.
- アルツハイマー病やパーキンソン病の認知症などの症状に 控えめな症状の緩和が可能です
結論:
- 認知症の診断は複雑で 多くの場合 多面的なアプローチが必要です
- 認知症の効果的な治療には 非薬学的介入と 薬学的介入の両方が含まれます
- 治療法はあるが 効果は限られているため さらに研究が必要である
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