微生物群は神経機能を調節し,恐怖の絶滅を学習する

Coco Chu¹, Mitchell H Murdock^2,3,4, Deqiang Jing^3,4,5

¹Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.

Nature

|October 25, 2019

まとめ

腸内微生物群はネズミの恐ろしさの消し去りに重要な役割を果たし脳の発達と機能に影響を与えます微生物の信号は幼少期と成人期の両方で健康な脳機能と行動に必要なものです

科学分野:

神経科学
微生物学
行動科学

背景:

多細胞生物は宿主の生理と行動に影響を与える複雑な微生物群を宿している.
微生物群の変化は神経精神疾患と関連しているが,その背後にあるメカニズムは不明である.
恐怖の消し去り学習は主体の行動によって調節される重要な認知プロセスです

研究の目的:

恐怖の絶滅の学習における微生物群の役割を調査する.
微生物群が神経の活動と行動に影響を与えるメカニズムを解明する.
脳の発達と機能に欠かせない微生物系からの信号を特定する

主な方法:

抗生物質を投与した成人マウスの微生物群を操作する.
中部前頭皮質の単核RNAシーケンス
ニューロンの活動と脊髄の変形を評価する
主な微生物代謝物質を特定するための代謝分析

主要な成果:

成人マウスの微生物群の操作は恐怖の絶滅の学習に重大な欠陥をもたらしました
中部前頭皮質の遺伝子発現は様々な細胞タイプで変化した.
欠乏症は脊髄の変形障害と神経細胞の活動低下と関連していた.
微生物群に由来する信号の重要な新生児発達ウィンドウが特定されました.
病原菌のないマウスの4つのメタボリットは神経精神疾患に関連していた.

結論:

生後初期と成人期の両方で恐怖の絶滅の学習には微生物から派生したシグナルが不可欠です
微生物の代謝物は,脳の機能と行動に直接影響を与える可能性があります.
この発見は,食事,感染症,ライフスタイルが脳の健康と神経精神疾患の感受性に影響を与えるかを理解する上で重要な意味を持つ.

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