世界的な刺激剤使用への対応:課題と機会
Michael Farrell1, Natasha K Martin2, Emily Stockings1
1National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Lancet (London, England)
|November 1, 2019
まとめ
コカインやアンフェタミンのような 刺激薬の使用は 死亡率や感染率などの 深刻な健康被害に繋がっています 現在の介入はほとんど効果がなく より良い治療の緊急性を強調しています
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 流行病学について
- 薬物使用に関する研究
背景:
- 特にコカインとアンフェタミンの使用は 世界的に深刻な健康問題となっている.
- 予防策の普及率,有害性,有効性を理解することは公衆衛生戦略にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 刺激剤の使用率,害,介入に関する世界的なデータを統合する.
- コカインとアンフェタミンの使用が死亡率,自殺傾向,血液感染ウイルス発生率に与える影響を推定する.
主な方法:
- 世界的な文献レビューとデータ合成.
- 主要な健康上の結果に対する刺激剤使用の影響を推定する流行病学的モデリング.
主要な成果:
- コカイン使用率は0.4%,アンフェタミン使用率は0.7%と推定されています.
- 刺激剤の使用は,死亡率の上昇,HIVとC型肝炎の発生率の増加,精神的健康の悪化,心血管疾患のリスクと関連しています.
- コカイン使用者は16%,アンフェタミン使用者は11%でした.
結論:
- 現在の薬物治療は刺激剤の使用を減らすのに効果がなく,心理的介入は,緊急事態管理を除いて,限られた効果を示しています.
- 一般的な公衆衛生アプローチは,刺激剤特有の害を軽減するために調整する必要があります.
- 効果的な刺激薬の使用介入の開発には,かなりの投資が不可欠です.
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