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Updated: Jan 4, 2026

A Rapid In Vivo Bioassay for Developmentally Active Enhancers
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ダイナミック・ラインナージ・プライミングは,ERKによる直接の強化器の調節によって駆動される

William B Hamilton1, Yaron Mosesson2, Rita S Monteiro1

  • 1The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Nature
|November 8, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

線維細胞成長因子- 細胞外信号調節キナーゼ (FGF- ERK) のシグナリングは,増強剤の活性を調節することによって,胚性幹細胞における遺伝子転写を逆転的に制御する. この可塑性により 持続的な信号が不可逆的な分化を引き起こすまで 細胞は多能性を維持できます

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Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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