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Mass Spectrum01:23

Mass Spectrum

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A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
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Overview of Archaea01:29

Overview of Archaea

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Archaea, named after the Archaean eon, represent a unique domain of life, distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes, with remarkable traits. Their cellular and molecular features, ecological adaptability, and industrial relevance highlight their importance in understanding life processes and leveraging biotechnology.Cellular and Molecular CharacteristicsA defining feature of archaea is their unique membrane composition. Archaeal membranes contain ether-linked isoprenoid lipids, which confer...
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Environmental Applications of Microorganisms01:30

Environmental Applications of Microorganisms

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Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
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Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
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The Sulfur Cycle01:22

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Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
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The protons in unsubstituted alkanes are strongly shielded with chemical shifts below 1.8 ppm. Methine, methylene, and methyl protons appear at approximately 1.7, 1.2 and 0.7 ppm, while the proton signal from methane appears at 0.23 ppm. An electronegative substituent, such as chlorine, withdraws the electron density from the protons, increasing their chemical shift. Progressive substitution of the hydrogens in methane by chlorine shifts the proton signals increasingly downfield, to 3.05 ppm in...
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Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System FFS for the Quantification of Methane Emissions
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カリフォルニアのメタンのスーパーエミッター

Riley M Duren1,2, Andrew K Thorpe3, Kelsey T Foster3

  • 1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. Riley.M.Duren@jpl.nasa.gov.

Nature
|November 8, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

カリフォルニア州

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Visualizing Methane-Cycling Microbial Dynamics in Coastal Wetlands
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科学分野:

  • 環境科学
  • 大気化学
  • リモートセンシング

背景:

  • メタンは強力な温室効果ガスで 温室効果ガスの削減は 世界的に優先されています
  • ポイントソースメタンエミッターは有意であるが,特徴が不十分である.
  • メタンの排出量に関する正確なデータは 効果的な緩和戦略に不可欠です

研究 の 目的:

  • カリフォルニアのインフラストラクチャの メタンの排出量を 定量化するために
  • 主要なメタンの放出源を空中遠隔検知で特定して位置づけること.
  • 州全体のメタン埋蔵量に対する点源の貢献度を評価する.

主な方法:

  • 2016年から2018年にかけて,空中画像スペクトロメーターの調査を5回実施した.
  • 石油・ガス・肥料・廃棄物部門で27万2千以上のインフラストラクチャをマッピングしました.
  • 564の強い点からのメタンの噴出を検知し,地理的に位置づけ,定量化しました.

主要な成果:

  • 年間0.618Tgの純メタン排出量で,カリフォルニアの2016年の在庫の34~46%を占めている.
  • ポイントソースの10%が,ポイントソースの総排出量の約60%を占めていることが判明した.
  • 埋立地,乳業,石油/ガス部門が 主要な排出者であり,埋立地が最も大きい.

結論:

  • 空中探知機は,メタン排出量の評価のために高解像度データを提供します.
  • メタンの排出量の不均衡な割合は インフラの一部に起因する.
  • データ共有は カリフォルニアの異常なメタン排出量の軽減を容易にした.