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DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

20.5K
Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

10.6K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

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Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Determining Genetic Expression Profiles in C. elegans Using Microarray and Real-time PCR
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遺伝子発現の地図

Mor Nitzan1,2,3, Nikos Karaiskos4, Nir Friedman5,6

  • 1John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Nature
|November 22, 2019
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者は,事前の知識なしに組織内の空間的遺伝子発現を再構築するための新しい方法を開発しました. このアプローチは様々な動物組織における 細胞のコミュニケーションと組織を理解するのに役立ちます

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Droplet Barcoding-Based Single Cell Transcriptomics of Adult Mammalian Tissues
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科学分野:

  • 単細胞ゲノム
  • 空間トランスクリプトミクス
  • 計算生物学

背景:

  • 単細胞の複合RNA配列化は 生命科学に革命をもたらしています
  • 単細胞分析のための組織解離は空間情報の喪失につながります.
  • 現存する空間再構築の方法は,しばしば存在しないマーカー遺伝子に依存しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 単細胞RNAシーケンシングデータから空間的な細胞位置と遺伝子発現を再構築するための新しい計算フレームワークを開発する.
  • マーカー遺伝子の事前の知識を必要とする既存の方法の限界を克服する.
  • 動物組織における遺伝子発現の組織的原理を特定する.

主な方法:

  • 概率的埋め込みのための一般化された最適輸送問題として空間再構築を策定した.
  • 最適な輸送問題を解くための効率的な繰り返しアルゴリズムを開発した.
  • 哺乳類の組織,胚および全生物を含む多様な生物サンプルに枠組み ("novoSpaRc") を適用した.

主要な成果:

  • 最小限の事前の知識で様々な動物組織で空間的な遺伝子発現パターンを成功裏に再構築した.
  • 再構築された組織内で空間的に情報を与える遺伝子を特定した.
  • 近隣の細胞の転写プロファイルは,遠隔の細胞よりも一般的に似ていることが示され,組織的原理が明らかになった.

結論:

  • "novoSpaRc"のフレームワークは,特定のマーカー遺伝子に頼らずに細胞と遺伝子発現の正確な空間再構築を可能にします.
  • 特定された遺伝子発現の組織原理は,細胞の位置を推論するために利用できます.
  • このアプローチは,あらゆる単細胞技術と互換性があり,事前の空間情報を組み込むことができます.