ペプチドアミノアチルtRNAリガゼによる非リボソームペプチド拡張
Zhengan Zhang1, Wilfred A van der Donk1,2
1Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 22, 2019
まとめ
この研究は,ペプチド-アミノアシルtRNA結合体 (PEARLs) がペプチド基板にアミノ酸を添加する方法を示しています. ATPがペプチドに直接リンを注入し 自然産物の新生合成メカニズムを明らかにしました
科学分野:
- 生物化学
- 分子生物学
- 自然製品の生物合成
背景:
- 新しい生物合成戦略は,ペプチド・スキャフォルドを天然製品合成に使用しています.
- ペプチド-アミノアシルtRNAリガゼ (PEARLs) は,ATPおよびtRNAに依存するメカニズムを通じてペプチドC端にアミノ酸を加える.
- PEARLで触媒化されたアミノ酸添加の正確なメカニズムは不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- バイオケミカルとメカニカルに TglB を特徴づけるには, *Pseudomonas syringae* の PEARL を
- TglBがシステイン (Cys) をTglAペプチド基板に添加するメカニズムを解明する.
- 自然産物3チアグルタマートの生体合成を理解する
主な方法:
- TglBとTglAを用いた酵素運動と基板特異性アッセイ
- TglBの保存された残留物のサイト指向型変異.
- 中断されたtRNA変種を用いたtRNACys認識の分析.
- ATPの利用を追跡するための同位体標識研究
主要な成果:
- TglBは,TglAのC末端近くの特定の残留物を認識するが,末端アミノ酸の変動を許容する.
- TglBは,受容体幹を含む切断されたtRNACys分子を効率的に認識します.
- ミュタゲネシスはTglBの重要な触媒残留物を特定し,ピンポンメカニズムを排除した.
- 同位体ラベリングは,ATPがTglAのC端の炭酸塩を直接リン酸化することを確認した.
結論:
- この研究は,PEARLで触媒化されたアミノ酸添加におけるATPの直接的リン酸化メカニズムを支持している.
- この研究は,自然産物の生物合成に関与するこの種の酵素の一般的なメカニズムモデルを提供します.
- この経路を理解することは,新しいアミノ酸由来天然製品を設計するのに不可欠です.
関連する概念動画
Termination of Translation
27.3K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.3K
tRNA Activation
22.3K
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
22.3K
tRNA Activation
8.2K
8.2K
Improving Translational Accuracy
14.0K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
14.0K
Peptide Bonds
81.6K
A peptide bond covalently attaches amino acids through a dehydration reaction. One amino acid's carboxyl group and another amino acid's amino group combine, releasing a water molecule. The resulting bond is the peptide bond. The products that such linkages form are peptides. As more amino acids join this growing chain, the resulting chain is a polypeptide. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. This end has the N-terminal, or the amino-terminal, and the other end has a free...
81.6K
Cotranslational Protein Translocation
9.4K
Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...
9.4K


