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Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

18.7K
Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
21.1K
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

37.8K
DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
37.8K
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

9.5K
9.5K
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

40.2K
An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
40.2K
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

17.9K
17.9K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET
11:27

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET

Published on: June 28, 2014

15.8K

ヒトコヘシンによるDNAループエクストルーション

Iain F Davidson1, Benedikt Bauer1, Daniela Goetz1

  • 1Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 23, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

人間のコヘシン複合体は DNAをループに活かして 重要なクロマチンの構造を形成します このプロセスは,コヘシンに依存しています.

科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • ゲノミクス
  • 生物化学

背景:

  • ユカリオットのゲノムはループとトポロジカルな関連ドメインに折り畳み,遺伝子調節と再結合に影響を与えます.
  • これらの構造は,DNAを捕まえるATPase複合体であるコヘシンに依存し,挤出によってループを形成することが提案されています.
  • コンデンシンがミトーシスでループエクストルーションを示す一方で,コヘシンの活動は未確認のままである.

研究 の 目的:

  • コヘシンが DNAのループを形成するかどうかを調査する.
  • コヘシン媒介のループ形成のメカニズムと要件を明らかにする.

主な方法:

  • ヒトコヘシン複合体の生化学的再構成
  • 単一のコヘシン複合体によるDNAループ形成のリアルタイム観測.
  • ATPase活性,NIPBL-MAU2,およびトポロジカル・エントラップメントへの依存を決定する試験.

主要な成果:

  • 単一のヒトコヘシン複合体は,毎秒2.1キロベースペアまでの速度で DNAループをエクスプロードします.
  • ループの形成と維持には,コヘシンのATP酶活性とNIPBL-MAU2因子が必要です.
  • コヘシンによるDNAのトポロジカル・エントラップメントはループ・エクストルーションには必要ありません.

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Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules
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Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET
11:27

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET

Published on: June 28, 2014

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Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules
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Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules

Published on: April 12, 2019

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  • コヘシンとNIPBL-MAU2は,挤出ループの底部に定着し,挤出におけるその役割を確認します.

    • 結論:

    • コヘシンとNIPBL-MAU2は,インターフェーズ中にループにDNAを挤出できる活性ホロ酵素を形成する.
    • トポロジカル・エントラップメントとは無関係なこのループ・エクストルーション・メカニズムは,クロマチン組織にとって根本的なものである.