アメリカ合衆国における平均寿命と死亡率 (1959年−2017年)

Steven H Woolf¹, Heidi Schoomaker^2,3

¹Center on Society and Health, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond.

JAMA

|November 27, 2019

まとめ

1990年代以降薬物過剰摂取,自殺,病気による中年の死亡率が上昇していますこの傾向は特にオハイオ渓谷とニューイングランドで顕著であり,公衆衛生に重大な影響を及ぼしています.

科学分野:

公衆衛生
人口統計
流行病学について

背景:

アメリカの平均寿命は他の裕福な国と比較して停滞しています
近年,平均寿命の減少が懸念される傾向に発展しています.

研究の目的:

平均余命と死亡率の動向を分析する
特に中年の成人の死亡率増加に寄与する主要な要因を特定する.
これらの傾向における地理的および人口学的変動を調査する.

主な方法:

米国死亡者データベースとCDC WONDERデータ (1959年−2017年) を利用した.
中年の死亡率 (25歳から64歳) に焦点を当てた分析で,人口統計学と地理学によって層分化されました.
死亡傾向と要因に関する既存の文献をレビューした (1990年−2019年).

主要な成果:

アメリカの平均寿命は 2014年以降 3年連続で減少しています
中年の死亡率は2010年から2017年にかけて薬物の過剰摂取,アルコール乱用,自殺,臓器疾患によって著しく増加しました
オハイオ渓谷とニューイングランドの地域では中年の死亡率が最も増加しています

結論:

特定の原因による中年の死亡率の上昇はアメリカの平均寿命の減少の主な要因です
これらの傾向は1990年代から顕著であり,特定の地域や人口集団に不釣り合いな影響を及ぼしています.
これらの根本的な原因を理解することは公衆衛生と経済福祉にとって極めて重要です

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