海洋生物の衛星観測による毎日の垂直移動

Michael J Behrenfeld¹, Peter Gaube², Alice Della Penna^2,3

¹Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. mjb@science.oregonstate.edu.

Nature

|November 29, 2019

まとめ

海洋動物は水面に餌を手に入れるために縦移動します衛星のレーダーで全球的なDVMパターンが示され澄んだ水域での捕食者の回避と生産性の高い地域でのバイオマスの増加が示されています

科学分野:

海洋生態学
海洋学
生地化学

背景:

ダイアルの垂直移動 (DVM) は,海洋動物が夜間に水面近くで餌を食い,昼間はより深い水域に撤退することを意味します.
DVMは海洋の炭素と栄養素の輸出に不可欠ですが,サンプル採取が限られているため,その世界的な分布と要因は十分に理解されていません.
DVMを研究するために,ネットハールや音響のような伝統的な方法には,空間的および時間的な範囲の制限があります.

研究の目的:

衛星観測を用いてDVM動物の世界的分布を記述する.
DVMのパターン,海洋学的条件,生態学的戦略の関係を調査する.
DVMの時間的な傾向と生地化学的重要性を評価する.

主な方法:

衛星に搭載された10年ぶりの光検出器 (lidar) を利用して,夜間,海面近くのDVM動物からの光学信号を検出した.
全世界のDVM分布をマッピングし,DVMバイオマスを推定するためにLIDARデータを分析した.
海洋の生産性と水の澄みに関するデータと相関するDVMパターン

主要な成果:

DVM動物は,明確な亜熱帯の回転でプランクトンのより大きな割合を形成し,捕食者の回避仮説を支持します.
生産性の高い海洋地域では,総DVMバイオマスがより高く,食料の利用可能性はより高い.
10年間の衛星記録は,DVMバイオマスと表面生産性との相関性の重要な時間的な傾向を明らかにしました.

結論:

衛星のライダルは,DVMの活動に関する新しい,グローバルな視点を提供し,以前の方法の限界を克服します.
DVMの戦略は,捕食者の圧力と様々な海洋地域での食糧の利用可能性の両方によって影響を受けます.
これらの発見は,海洋生物化学のサイクルにおけるDVMの役割の理解を深め,改善された定量化のための基礎を提供します.

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