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Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

5.4K
Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of...
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The Nucleosome01:19

The Nucleosome

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Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...
3.5K
The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

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DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
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Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
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Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

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Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique
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人間のコヘシンはループエクストルーションでDNAを圧縮する.

Yoori Kim1, Zhubing Shi1, Hongshan Zhang2

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 30, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

Cohesin-NIPBLは,ATP駆動の分子マシンとして作用し,ループを挤出することでDNAを圧縮します. このプロセスはゲノム組織にとって不可欠であり,ATPの水解を必要とします.

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Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Motion Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Replisome Components at the Single-Molecule Level
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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • 遺伝学
  • 生物化学

背景:

  • コヘシンは染色体組織に不可欠なタンパク質複合体です.
  • コヘシンによるゲノム組織のメカニズム,特にループエクストルーションは,直接的な証拠がない.

研究 の 目的:

  • コヘシン媒介のループ挤出の直接的な証拠を提供するためです.
  • DNA圧縮におけるコヘシン-NIPBL複合体の生体物理的性質を特徴づける.

主な方法:

  • 単一分子イメージング技術が採用されました.
  • 再結合ヒトコヘシン- NIPBL複合体はDNA圧縮を研究するために使用されました.

主要な成果:

  • Cohesin- NIPBLは,ループエクストルーションにより,裸のDNAと核細胞結合DNAの両方を圧縮することが示されました.
  • DNAの圧縮はアデノシン三酸化物 (ATP) の水解に依存し,力に敏感である.
  • このプロセスは,毎秒約0.5キロベースで数十キロベースにわたって進行します.
  • ダブルテザードDNAの実験では,コヘシンジマーによる双方向のループエクストルーションが示唆されている.

結論:

  • Cohesin-NIPBLはATP駆動の分子マシンとして機能し,DNAループを押し出すことができます.
  • この研究は,コヘシンによるゲノム組織のループエクストルーションモデルに直接的な証拠を提供します.