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Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System
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Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System

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ユカリオット半合成生物への進歩: 不自然なコドンの翻訳

Anne Xiao-Zhou Zhou1, Kai Sheng1, Aaron W Feldman1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 17, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

科学者は非自然な塩基対を用いて 最初の真核半合成生物 (SSO) を生み出した. これらのSSOは,非正規のアミノ酸でタンパク質を合成することができ,生物学的情報の保存を向上させることを示しています.

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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