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関連する概念動画

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

362
Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any...
362
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

397
Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
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Oscillations In An LC Circuit01:30

Oscillations In An LC Circuit

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An idealized LC circuit of zero resistance can oscillate without any source of emf by shifting the energy stored in the circuit between the electric and magnetic fields. In such an LC circuit, if the capacitor contains a charge q before the switch is closed, then all the energy of the circuit is initially stored in the electric field of the capacitor. This energy is given by
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Limits with Oscillating Discontinuities01:19

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An oscillating discontinuity is a type of discontinuity in which a function’s values fluctuate infinitely often as the input approaches a particular point. Unlike jump discontinuities, where the function suddenly shifts between two values, or infinite discontinuities, where the function diverges without bound, an oscillating discontinuity arises from rapid back-and-forth variation. Because the function never stabilizes toward a single value, no finite limit exists at that point.One of the...
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Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

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Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
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Damped Oscillations01:07

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In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
Although friction and other non-conservative...
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カップリングの遅延制御はセグメンテーションクロックの同期振動

Kumiko Yoshioka-Kobayashi1,2, Marina Matsumiya1,3, Yusuke Niino4

  • 1Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Nature
|January 10, 2020
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

LFNG遺伝子はマウス胚のHes7遺伝子の振動を同期するのに不可欠です. Lfngは,Notchシグナル伝達を通じて細胞間通信を調節し,適切なソミットセグメンテーションを確保し,発達障害を予防します.

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科学分野:

  • 発達生物学
  • 細胞の振動
  • 遺伝子規制

背景:

  • 細胞の活動は,細胞同士の結合によって集団レベルで調整される.
  • ソミトセグメンテーションクロックは,プレソミトメソダーム (PSM) の同期したHes7遺伝子振動に依存する.
  • これらの振動を同期するために,ノッチ・シグナリングは不可欠であり,その抑制はソミット・フュージョンにつながります.

研究 の 目的:

  • NotchシグナルがHes7振動の同期性を調節するメカニズムを解明する.
  • PSM 細胞同期における Notch 調節器の狂ったフリンジ (Lfng) の役割を調査する.

主な方法:

  • Hes7に融合した新しい光レポーター (アキレス) を使用したライブイメージングシステムの開発.
  • マウスのPSMにおけるHes7振動の単細胞解像度モニタリング
  • 分離されたおよび混合培養を含む野生型およびLfng-nullPSM細胞の比較分析.
  • オプトジェネティック・ノッチ・シグナル レポーター・アッセイと 数学モデル

主要な成果:

  • ワイルド型細胞は,Hes7振動相変動の急速な修正を示している.
  • Lfng-nullのPSM細胞は,細胞-細胞結合におけるLfngの役割を示す,非同期および抑制されたHes7振動を示している.
  • Lfngは細胞間Notchシグナル伝送を遅らせ,その欠如は,この結合の遅延を短縮する.
  • カップリングの遅延を延長するコンパウンドは,Hes7振動幅とLfng-null PSMの同期を部分的に救う.

結論:

  • ルナティックフリンジ (Lfng) は,細胞間結合遅延を制御することによって,PSMにおける同期したHes7振動を維持するために不可欠です.
  • この研究は,ソミットセグメンテーションに不可欠な振動ネットワークの遅延制御メカニズムを明らかにしています.
  • 適切な細胞間結合の遅延は,発達過程における同期した振動に不可欠です.