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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

3.6K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
2.2K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
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機械的にゲートされた分解性ポリマー

Yangju Lin1, Tatiana B Kouznetsova1, Stephen L Craig1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 16, 2020
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

この研究では,機械的な力と酸性トリガーの両方を分解するために,早めの分解を防ぐ新しいポリマー設計を導入しています. この二重活性化戦略は,貯蔵と使用中のポリマーの安定性を高めます.

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Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds of Polyglycerol-dodecanedioate for Engineering Neural Tissues From Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
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Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
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Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds of Polyglycerol-dodecanedioate for Engineering Neural Tissues From Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
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Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
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科学分野:

  • ポリマー化学
  • 材料科学
  • 機械化学

背景:

  • 従来のポリマーは環境に残っており 分解可能な代替品の需要を高めています
  • 分解性ポリマーはしばしば意図しない骨格分裂に苦しんでおり,その有用性が低下します.
  • 既存の分解性ポリマーには 分解トリガーの強力な制御が欠けています

研究 の 目的:

  • 早期分解に対する安定性を高めるポリマーシステムを開発する.
  • 機械的な力と酸を使用する二重トリガーの分解メカニズムを実装する.
  • 両方の刺激がポリマーの骨格分裂に必要な"ANDゲート"システムを構築する.

主な方法:

  • 機械ゲートとしてサイクロブータン (CB) メカノフォアを組み込む.
  • ポリマーバックボーンにCBゲートされた酸感受性ケタルを統合する.
  • 機械的な力のために超音波を使用し,分解の研究のために酸処理を行います.
  • 単一分子力スペクトロスコーピー (SMFS) を使用して,機械的活性化力を定量化します.

主要な成果:

  • ポリマーは,酸性トリガーのみまたは機械的な力のみで (MWを28 kDaに制限する) 無傷のまま残ります.
  • 配列処理 (超音波と酸による) は,著しい分解を起こす (2,5 kDaに11倍減少).
  • CBメカノフォアの活性化には,100msの時間スケールで約2nNの力が必要です.

結論:

  • "ANDゲート"戦略は,意図しないポリマーの分解を効果的に防止します.
  • この制御された分解システムにより 安定性が向上し 耐久性が向上します
  • この発見により より耐久性があり 環境に配慮した分解性ポリマーが開発されるのです