羽根 が 連続 的 に 変形 する 翼 を 形成 する 方法
Laura Y Matloff1, Eric Chang1, Teresa J Feo2,3
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 18, 2020
まとめ
鳥たち
科学分野:
- バイオメカニクス
- バイオインスピレーションエンジニアリング
- エロダイナミクス
背景:
- 鳥は固定翼の飛行機とは違って 翼の変形能力が 驚くほど高いのです
- 羽根の重なりと結合組織の弾力性は 鳥の翼の平面形の変化の鍵です
- 微細な羽の構造は 独特の"方向性ヴェルクロ"メカニズムを生み出します
研究 の 目的:
- 鳥の翼の変形と強さを可能にする受動的メカニズムを調査する.
- 羽の微細構造が翼の伸縮と折り畳み時の隙間を防止する機能を分析する.
- この生物学的原理の可能性を探求し 機体変形を設計する
主な方法:
- 羽根の重なりと結合組織の適合性の分析
- 羽の微細構造の顕微鏡検査で"方向性ヴェルクロ"の特徴を特定する.
- 翼の機能と頑丈さを証明するために 羽のついたバイオハイブリッドの空中ロボットをテストしています
主要な成果:
- エラスティック・コンプライアンス (Elastic compliance) は 翼の変形時に 羽毛を被動的に再分配します
- "ディレクショナル・ヴェルクロ"マイクロ構造 (ロバット・シリアとフック・ラミ) は,伸縮時に隙間を防ぐために確率的にロックし,屈折時にロックを解除します.
- バイオハイブリッドロボットのテストで 渦巻に耐えるのが分かりました
- フック状の微細構造は ほとんどの鳥類に存在するが 静かな飛ぶ鳥には存在しない.
結論:
- パッシブ・ラスティック・コンプライアンスと"ディレクショナル・ヴェルクロ"の羽の微細構造は 頑丈な鳥の翼の変形に不可欠です
- この生物学的メカニズムは 進化した機体の設計図を 提供しています
- これらの構造の欠如は 騒音の欠如と相関しており 機能的な専門性を示唆しています
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