2019年新型コロナウイルスのゲノム特徴と疫学:ウイルスの起源と受容体結合への影響
Roujian Lu1, Xiang Zhao1, Juan Li2
1NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Lancet (London, England)
|February 3, 2020
まとめ
中国武漢でウイルス性肺炎を引き起こす新型コロナウイルス (2019-nCoV) が確認された. 遺伝子解析で明らかになった
科学分野:
- ウイルス学
- ゲノミクス
- 流行病学について
背景:
- 2019年12月下旬に中国武漢で初めて確認された新型コロナウイルス (2019-nCoV) は,起源不明のウイルス性肺炎を引き起こした.
- 人から人への感染は確認され,2020年1月26日までに2000件以上の症例が報告され,主に武漢の人々に影響を与えた.
研究 の 目的:
- 感染した患者の新型コロナウイルス (2019-nCoV) のゲノムを配列化し分析する.
- 2019-nCoVの進化的起源と受容体結合特性を決定する.
主な方法:
- 次世代のシーケンシングとサンガーシーケンシングを使用して,9人の患者の完全なまたは部分的な2019-nCoVゲノムを取得しました.
- ウイルスの進化史と潜在的受容体相互作用を理解するために,系統遺伝分析とホモロジーモデリングが採用されました.
主要な成果:
- 非常に類似した2019-nCoVゲノム配列 (>99.98%の同一性) が10個得られた.
- 2019-nCoVは,バット由来のSARS型コロナウイルスと88%の同一性を示し,SARS-CoVとMERS-CoVとは異なる.
- ホモロジーモデリングは,SARS-CoVに似た受容体結合ドメイン構造を示し,ヒトのACE2受容体への結合の可能性を示唆した.
結論:
- 2019-nCoVは,SARS-CoVとは異なるヒトに感染するベータコロナウイルスです.
- 蝙蝠はおそらく最初の宿主であり,武漢の海産物市場で潜在的な中間動物宿主である.
- ウイルスの将来の進化,適応,拡散に関する緊急の調査が必要である.
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