新型コロナウイルスによる肺炎の発生
Peng Zhou1, Xing-Lou Yang1, Xian-Guang Wang2
1CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
Nature
|February 5, 2020
まとめ
新型コロナウイルス (2019-nCoV) は,武漢で重症急性呼吸器症候群 (SARS) の流行を引き起こした. このウイルスは,コウモリに見られるSARS関連コロナウイルス (SARSr-CoVs) と密接に関連しており,同じ細胞侵入受容体を使用しています.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学
- 流行病学について
- ゲノミクス
背景:
- 深刻な急性呼吸器症候群 (SARS) の流行はコウモリコロナウイルスに関連している.
- 以前の研究では,バット SARS に関連するコロナウイルス (SARSr-CoVs) のヒトへの感染可能性が示されました.
研究 の 目的:
- 中国武漢におけるヒト呼吸器症候群の流行の原因となる新型コロナウイルス (2019-nCoV) を特定し,特徴づけること.
- 既知のコロナウイルスと2019-nCoVのゲノム関係とその細胞侵入メカニズムを調査する.
主な方法:
- 患者のサンプルから2019-nCoVの全ゲノム配列決定.
- SARS-CoVとコウモリコロナウイルスとの比較ゲノム解析.
- 保存された非構造タンパク質領域の分析
- 細胞入り受容体の識別
主要な成果:
- この流行は2020年1月26日までに2,794人の感染と80人の死亡が確認された.
- 2019-nCoVは,全ゲノムレベルでSARS-CoVと79.6%,そしてコウモリコロナウイルスと96%の配列同一性を共有しています.
- タンパク質配列分析により,2019-nCoVはSARSr-CoV種に属していることが確認されました.
- このウイルスは,SARS-CoVに類似した細胞入り受容体として,アンジオテンシン変換酵素II (ACE2) を利用する.
- 患者の血清はウイルスを中和する能力を示した.
結論:
- 2019-nCoVはバットコロナウイルスと遺伝学的に有意な類似性を有する新型SARSr-CoVである.
- ウイルスのACE2を利用して細胞に侵入する能力は,その病原性における重要な要因である.
- 2019-nCoVの起源と特徴を理解することは,進行中の疫病の管理に極めて重要です.
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