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2,658 の 癌 の 進化 史
Moritz Gerstung1,2,3, Clemency Jolly4, Ignaty Leshchiner5
1European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK. moritz.gerstung@ebi.ac.uk.
Nature
|February 7, 2020
まとめ
癌は ゲノムの変化によって 進化します この研究では 2,658種類の癌を分析し 変異と複製数の変化が 腫瘍の発達にどう影響するか明らかにし 早期発見のための洞察を提供しました
科学分野:
- ゲノミクス
- 癌 生物学
- 進化 的 な 医学
背景:
- がんは体内進化から発生し,ゲノム異常と変異過程が腫瘍の発達を促します.
- 癌ゲノムを分析することで これらの出来事のタイミングや 進化の歴史について 洞察を得ることができます
研究 の 目的:
- 38種類の癌の変異過程と駆動変異の進化史を再構築する.
- 腫瘍生成中のゲノム変異の時間的配列を理解する.
主な方法:
- 全ゲノム分析コンソーシアム (PCAWG) による2,658件のがんサンプルの全ゲノムシーケンシング.
- 国際がんゲノムコンソーシアム (ICGC) とがんゲノムアトラス (TCGA) のデータの分析.
- 癌の進化軌道の計算による再構築
主要な成果:
- 早期の腫瘍形成には,特定の駆動遺伝子の変異と複製数の増加が含まれます (例えば,膠原体腫瘍におけるトリソミー7).
- 進化の過程で腫瘍の40%で突然変異のスペクトルシフトが発生し,後期には駆動遺伝子の多様化とゲノム不安定が示される.
- 誘導体変異は しばしば癌の診断より 何年か何十年も前に起こります
結論:
- 癌の進化は初期と後期のゲノムイベントの影響による 異なる軌跡によって特徴付けられています
- これらの進化パターンを理解することで 早期発見の機会を 特定できます
- この研究は,ゲノム学的観点からがんの発症の包括的なタイムラインを提供します.
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