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関連する概念動画

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
6.9K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Globular Proteins01:27

Globular Proteins

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In organisms, proteins are the most abundant macromolecules. They act as the building blocks of life and play various crucial roles in the body. Proteins can be broadly classified into two distinct subtypes based on their shape and solubilities: globular proteins and fibrous proteins.
Globular proteins serve many important physiological functions, such as acting as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be soluble in the aqueous...
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Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

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Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
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Protein and Protein Structure02:15

Protein and Protein Structure

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Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
A protein's shape is critical to its function. For example, an enzyme...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous &#946;2-Microglobulin
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Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin

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ヒトのチログロブリンの構造

Francesca Coscia1, Ajda Taler-Verčič2,3, Veronica T Chang1

  • 1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.

Nature
|February 7, 2020
PubMed
まとめ

研究者は 甲状腺ホルモンの生成に不可欠なチロシン部位を特定して 甲状腺ホルモンの3次元構造を決定した. この画期的な発見は ホルモンの合成を明らかにし 将来の研究の枠組みを提供している.

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

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An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
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An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Dec 29, 2025

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Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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科学分野:

  • 生物化学
  • 構造生物学
  • 内分泌学

背景:

  • 甲状腺ホルモンの合成,代謝,成長,発達に不可欠です.
  • ホルモンの生成にはチロシンイオデーションとTG内の結合が含まれますが,特定の部位と構造的メカニズムは不明です.
  • 3DTG構造の欠如は,甲状腺ホルモン生物合成のメカニズム的理解を妨げています.

研究 の 目的:

  • ヒトのタイログロブリンの高解像度3D構造を決定する.
  • 甲状腺ホルモンの合成を担当する特定のチロシンペアを特定し,特徴づけること.
  • ホルモンのチロシン活性を制御する構造的およびダイナミックな特徴を解明する.

主な方法:

  • クリオ電子顕微鏡を用いて,ヒトのチログロブリンの3. 5 Å 構造を決定した.
  • 特定されたチロシンペアを検証するために,サイト指向型変異とインビトロホルモン産生測定法を使用した.
  • 特定された反応部位を人工合成タンパク質 (マルトース結合タンパク質) に機能的移転した.

主要な成果:

  • ヒトタイログラブリンの3D構造は成功裏に解明されました.
  • すべてのホルモンのチロシンペアは,TG構造内で特定されました.
  • ホルモン生成部位の重要な特徴は,近接性,柔軟性,溶媒への曝露です.
  • マルトース結合タンパク質のタイロシンドナー-受容体ペアは TGのホルモン産生効率を模倣した.

結論:

  • この研究は,ヒトの甲状腺ホルモン合成の重要な詳細を明らかにする最初の3D構造を提供します.
  • 近く,柔軟性,および溶媒への曝露は,ホルモンのチロシン部位の重要な決定因子として特定されています.
  • この発見は 潜在的に治療的な意味を持つ 甲状腺ホルモンの産生と調節を理解するための新しい枠組みを提供します