ヒトのX結合ステロイドスルファターゼ遺伝子とYコード化シドゲン:霊長類の進化過程におけるY染色体の逆転の証拠
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute Laboratories, UCLA School of Medicine, Torrance 90509.
Cell
|December 23, 1988
まとめ
人間の性染色体は,共通のペアから進化した. Y染色体の周心逆転は,霊長類の進化の間にステロイド硫酸塩酵素遺伝子の擬似自体配列を混乱させた.
科学分野:
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
背景:
- 哺乳類のX染色体とY染色体は,共通の同質ペアから進化したと考えられています.
- 配列の類似性は低いが,擬似オートソーマルセグメントのような同類領域が存在し,X-Yペアリングと再結合を容易にする.
- ステロイドスルファターゼ (STS) 遺伝子はマウスの擬自体領域に位置しているが,ヒトの場合はそうではない.
研究 の 目的:
- ヒトのSTSXコード化された位置をクローンし,特徴づけること.
- 人間のY染色体上のSTS偽遺伝子を特定し,分析する.
- 靈長類における性染色体遺伝子配列の進化史を調査する.
主な方法:
- 遺伝子クローニングと特徴付けの技術.
- 人間の性染色体と霊長類の性染色体の配列分析.
- 染色体再配列を特定するための比較ゲノミクス.
主要な成果:
- 人間のSTSのXコードロカスとY結合の擬態遺伝子は,クローン化と特徴づけに成功しました.
- データは,霊長類の進化の間に,Y染色体の周心逆転が起こったことを示唆しています.
- この逆転は,おそらく,STS遺伝子の祖先の擬似自体構造を混乱させた.
結論:
- この研究は,哺乳類の性染色体の進化についての洞察を提供します.
- Y染色体の周心逆転が,ヒトと霊長類における現在の遺伝子分布を説明している.
- これらのゲノム再編成を理解することは,性染色体の進化を研究するために極めて重要です.
さらに関連する動画
15:54Combined DNA-RNA Fluorescent In situ Hybridization FISH to Study X Chromosome Inactivation in Differentiated Female Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Published on: June 14, 2014
27.4K
05:31Author Spotlight: Whole-Mount Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization to Study Spermatogenesis in the Anopheles Mosquito
Published on: May 26, 2023
4.8K
関連する概念動画
Pedigree Analysis
78.8K
Overview
78.8K
Sex-linked Disorders
94.4K
Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
94.4K
X and Y Chromosomes
16.5K
Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
16.5K
The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness
7.0K
The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
7.0K
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
11.5K
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
11.5K
Exon Recombination
3.1K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
3.1K
