栄養依存のVIPニューロン-ILC3回路が腸壁を調節する
Jhimmy Talbot1, Paul Hahn1, Lina Kroehling1
1Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|February 13, 2020
まとめ
新しく発見された腸内神経免疫回路が 栄養吸収と免疫のバランスをとります 食物摂取は免疫細胞に信号を送るニューロンを活性化し 腸のバリア機能と代謝に影響します
科学分野:
- 神経免疫学
- 胃腸内科
- メタボリズム
背景:
- 腸内粘膜は 微生物に対するバリア機能と 栄養吸収のバランスをとります
- 食物摂取に対する生理学的反応と免疫反応の連携は完全に理解されていません.
- 3型先天性リンパ球 (ILC3) は腸内免疫と代謝に作用する.
研究 の 目的:
- 腸内神経信号が 食物摂取中に腸内免疫反応と 代謝反応と一体化する方法を解明する.
- この過程における血管活性性腸ペプチド (VIP) 産生ニューロンとILC3の役割を調査する.
- 栄養吸収と免疫保護を制御する ダイナミックな神経免疫回路を理解する
主な方法:
- マウスモデルを使って 食への腸反応を研究しました
- VIPR2を発現する腸内ニューロンの活性化と,VIPR2を発現するILC3との近接を調査した.
- 抗微生物ペプチドと脂質代謝におけるIL-3によるIL-22生成に対するVIPR2の関与の影響を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 食物消費はVIPergicニューロンを活性化し,VIPR2経由でILC3に信号を送る.
- VIPR2の関与は,ILC3によるIL-22の産生を抑制し,抗菌ペプチドを減少させ,脂質吸収を増加させます.
- この神経免疫回路は,分断された繊維状の細菌のコロニー化と食事中に脂質の吸収を高めます.
結論:
- 腸内にある栄養と昼間の神経免疫回路は 生まれながらの免疫保護と栄養吸収の効率を ダイナミックにバランスをとります
- この回路は,IL-22媒介の免疫と強化された脂質吸収の間のトレードオフを伴う.
- この経路を調節することで,病原体の耐性を改善し,代謝疾患を治療する可能性があります.
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