米国における州間大気汚染による早死率
Irene C Dedoussi1,2, Sebastian D Eastham1,3, Erwan Monier3,4
1Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nature
|February 14, 2020
まとめ
室外大気汚染は アメリカ全土で 早期死亡率を大幅に引き上げています 州間の空気の質管理の必要性を強調しています. 州間の空気の質管理の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 環境科学
- 公衆衛生
- 大気化学
背景:
- アメリカでは空気の汚染が 早期死亡の主な原因です
- 現在の緩和努力は,州間の汚染交換を無視して,しばしば地元の排出源に焦点を当てています.
- 微細粒子 (PM2.5) やオゾンなどの汚染物質は健康に重大な危険をもたらす.
研究 の 目的:
- 米国各州間の大気汚染の交換を定量化するために
- 2005年から2018年の間における 早期死亡率への影響を評価する.
- 異なる排出セクターと化学品種の州間死亡率への貢献を分析する.
主な方法:
- アメリカ全土にわたる 量化された大気汚染の交換
- PM2.5とオゾンへの曝露による早死に対する影響の評価
- 2005年から2018年までの7つの排出セクターのデータを分析した.
主要な成果:
- 平均すると 州の空気の質に関連する 早期死亡の41%から53%は その州外で発生します
- 電気発電の排出量は州間での影響が最も大きい.
- 2018年までに 商業/住宅の排出は 電力生産に比べて 州間死亡率の2倍になりました
結論:
- 大気汚染が死亡率に及ぼす州間の影響は大きく,排出セクターや汚染物質によって異なります.
- 排出源や種 (例えば,PM2.5) の変化が死亡率のパターンを変化させている.
- 結果は,全国の空気の質を改善し,健康上の負担を軽減するための戦略を導くことができます.
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