転写因子AP2は,コニダリアン生殖細胞誘導を制御する

Timothy Q DuBuc¹, Christine E Schnitzler^2,3, Eleni Chrysostomou¹

¹Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 15, 2020

まとめ

転写因子AP2 (Tfap2) は,成体幹細胞をクローン動物の生殖細胞に結合させる. この発見は,様々な動物集団における胚細胞発達の保存されたメカニズムを示しています

科学分野:

発達生物学
幹細胞生物学
進化生物学

背景:

クローン動物には隔離された生殖細胞がなく,ゲメット生成には成人の幹細胞に依存している.
クローン動物における生殖細胞運命を誘導するメカニズムは,ほとんど不明のままである.
隔離しない動物における生殖細胞発達の理解は,保存された進化の経路を照らすことができます.

研究の目的:

複写因子AP2 (Tfap2) がクローナルのコニダリアン*Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus*における生殖細胞結合における役割を調査する.
この種の生殖細胞と性腺の発達にTfap2が不可欠かどうかを判断する.
クローンと双方の動物間の生殖細胞誘導機構を比較する.

主な方法:

ハイドラクティニアシンビオロングカープスの* Tfap2* 遺伝子ノックアウト変異体を使用した.
野生型と変異細胞を用いた細胞移植実験を行った.
成体幹細胞 (i細胞) での強制Tfap2発現の効果を研究した.

主要な成果:

*Tfap2*変異体には生殖細胞と性腺が全くなかった.
移植された野生型の細胞は性器の発達を回復させることができましたが,変異体では生殖細胞誘導はできませんでした.
i細胞でTfap2*を強制的に発現させることで,成功裏に生殖細胞の運命を誘導した.

結論:

転写因子AP2 (Tfap2) は, *Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus* の生殖細胞結合の重要な調節因子である.
Tfap2は成人幹細胞に特異的に作用し,性腺形成とは無関係に生殖細胞の運命を誘導する.
Tfap2の生殖細胞結合における役割は,隔離された生殖細胞と隔離されていない動物の間で保たれています.

さらに関連する動画

09:38

Embryo Microinjection and Electroporation in the Chordate Ciona intestinalis

Published on: October 16, 2016

16.5K

07:53

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

8.1K

関連する概念動画

02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

9.4K

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...

9.4K

01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.5K

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...

2.5K

02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.6K

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...

7.6K

02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

10.6K

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...

10.6K

01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

2.1K

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...

2.1K

01:30

General Transcription Factors

6.6K

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...