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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

14.4K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

6.3K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
6.3K
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

8.4K
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
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Determination01:51

Determination

20.5K
During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

2.0K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

7.7K
Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
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Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Generation of Natural Killer Cells from Human Expanded Potential Stem Cells
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Generation of Natural Killer Cells from Human Expanded Potential Stem Cells

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人間のNK細胞の発達,機能,居住の組織決定因子

Pranay Dogra1, Chiara Rancan2, Wenji Ma3

  • 1Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Cell
|February 16, 2020
PubMed
まとめ

ヒトの自然殺人細胞は 組織特異的なパターンを表しています 成熟したNK細胞は外周部に支配的であり,不成熟な細胞はリンパ状組織と腸内組織に存在し,免疫細胞の発達と機能の解剖学的調節を明らかにする.

キーワード:
NK細胞細胞毒性ヒト免疫学免疫の発達老化に対する免疫生まれつきの免疫リンパ性組織粘膜免疫システム免疫学組織の居住地

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Purification and Expansion of Mouse Invariant Natural Killer T Cells for in vitro and in vivo Studies
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Purification and Expansion of Mouse Invariant Natural Killer T Cells for in vitro and in vivo Studies

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An Optimized Method for Isolating and Expanding Invariant Natural Killer T Cells from Mouse Spleen
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An Optimized Method for Isolating and Expanding Invariant Natural Killer T Cells from Mouse Spleen

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Generation of Natural Killer Cells from Human Expanded Potential Stem Cells
06:53

Generation of Natural Killer Cells from Human Expanded Potential Stem Cells

Published on: January 13, 2023

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Purification and Expansion of Mouse Invariant Natural Killer T Cells for in vitro and in vivo Studies
08:37

Purification and Expansion of Mouse Invariant Natural Killer T Cells for in vitro and in vivo Studies

Published on: February 15, 2021

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An Optimized Method for Isolating and Expanding Invariant Natural Killer T Cells from Mouse Spleen
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科学分野:

  • 免疫学
  • 細胞生物学
  • 人間の生理学

背景:

  • 異なる組織部位にわたる免疫反応は,保護性免疫と全体的なホメオスタシスの維持に不可欠です.
  • ナチュラルキラー (NK) 細胞は,ウイルス感染や腫瘍と戦うために不可欠な先天性リンパ球です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 組織の局所化がヒトの自然キラー (NK) 細胞の発達と機能にどのように影響するか調査する.
  • 人間におけるNK細胞の組織特有の分布,成熟,機能パターンを特定する.

主な方法:

  • 血液,リンパ性臓器,粘膜組織を含む様々な人の組織部からのNK細胞の高次元分析.
  • 60人のサンプルを分析し,年齢と個体間の変化を特定する.

主要な成果:

  • NK細胞のサブセットの分布,成熟,および機能の明確な組織特異的なパターンが特定されました.
  • 高エフェクター機能を持つ成熟したNK細胞は,血液,骨髄,,肺に多く存在し,共通の転写プログラムを共有している.
  • リンパ節と腸に低エフェクター容量を持つ未成熟のNK細胞が発見され,組織在住のシグネチャーと適応を示している.

結論:

  • 解剖学的な局所化はNK細胞の発達と維持を決定し,特定の組織に存在する異なる集団を決定する.
  • 成熟したNK細胞のサブセットは,免疫監視を効果的に仲介するために,周辺部位に戦略的に配置されています.