微生物群の全体的な化学的影響には,新しい胆酸結合が含まれています
Robert A Quinn1,2, Alexey V Melnik1, Alison Vrbanac3
1Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Nature
|February 28, 2020
まとめ
微生物群は哺乳類の全臓器の化学構造を大きく変化させ 新しい胆酸結合体を明らかにします これらの化合物はヒトで発見され,特定の病気と関連しており,胆酸合成経路に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- メタボロミクス
- 生物化学
背景:
- ヒトの微生物群は4万以上の 活動的な分類単位で構成され ホストの健康や病気に影響を与えます
- 微生物から派生した分子は宿主の生理に大きく影響しますが,動物全体の化学への影響は十分に研究されていません.
- 胆酸の化学は広く研究されているが,その特定の結合に対する微生物の影響はほとんど不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 比較メタボロミクスを用いて哺乳類の化学反応に及ぼす微生物の影響を評価する.
- 新しい宿主-微生物の化学相互作用を特定する.
- 宿主生理学と疾患における,新たに特徴づけられた胆酸結合体の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 細菌と特定病原体のないマウスの比較代謝分析
- 化学プロファイルのための質量スペクトロメトリ情報とデータ可視化.
- in vitro検査 (ファルネソイドX受容体アゴニズム) とin vivo試験 (遺伝子発現分析)
主要な成果:
- 微生物群は哺乳類のすべての臓器の化学反応に大きく影響します
- 新しい胆酸結合体,フェニララノコリック酸,チロソコリック酸,およびルイココリック酸が特定されました.
- これらの結合体はヒトで発見され,炎症性腸疾患と cystic fibrosis の患者で濃縮された.
- 特定された化合物は,ファルネソイドX受容体 in vitroを刺激し,胆酸合成遺伝子発現を vivoで低下させた.
結論:
- 腸内微生物群は,新しい胆酸結合経路を含む宿主の代謝に大きな影響を与えます.
- 新たに発見された胆酸結合体は生理学的役割を果たし,特定のヒト疾患と関連している.
- これらの微生物の影響を受けた化合物の生理学的関連性と疾患への貢献を確認するには,さらなる研究が必要である.
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