青少年と成人におけるC型肝炎ウイルス感染症のスクリーニング:米国予防サービスタスクフォースの勧告声明

, Douglas K Owens^1,2, Karina W Davidson³

¹Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.

JAMA

|March 3, 2020

まとめ

18歳から79歳までの成人に,C型肝炎ウイルス (HCV) のスクリーニングが推奨されています. このスクリーニングは血液に伝わるこの一般的な病原体を検出することで公衆衛生に重大な利益をもたらします

科学分野:

ヘパトロジー
感染症
公衆衛生

背景:

肝炎Cウイルス (HCV) は,最も一般的な慢性的な血液感染病原体であり,米国における重大な公衆衛生上の問題である.
HCV感染は慢性肝疾患を引き起こし,他の多くの感染症の死亡率を上回る高い死亡率と関連しています.
近年では急性HCV感染が3.8倍に増加しており,これは主に注射薬物使用の増加と監視の強化によるものです.

研究の目的:

肝炎Cウイルス (HCV) 感染のスクリーニングに関する最新証拠に基づいた勧告を提供すること.
このレビューは,USPSTFの2013年の勧告を基に青少年と成人をスクリーニングすることに焦点を当てました.

主な方法:

HCVスクリーニングに関する既存の証拠の包括的なレビューは,USPSTFによって委託されました.
この研究は,一般の成人の集団におけるスクリーニングの有効性と利点に焦点を当てた.

主要な成果:

18歳から79歳までの成人のHCV感染のスクリーニングは,実質的な純利益を示しています.
USPSTFの証拠評価は,スクリーニングの利点に関して中程度の確信を持って結論付けました.

結論:

USPSTFは,18歳から79歳までのすべての成人のHCV感染スクリーニングを推奨しています.
この勧告は"B勧告"として分類され,利益に関する高い確信度を示しています.

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