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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Sulfolipid-1 ノシセプティブニューロンを活性化し,咳を誘発する
Cody R Ruhl1, Breanna L Pasko1, Haaris S Khan1
1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Cell
|March 7, 2020
まとめ
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) は肺結核と咳の原因となっている. Mtbはスルフォリピド-1 (SL-1) という分子を生成し 肺の神経細胞を活性化し 咳を起こすことを発見しました この発見は この病原体が 重要な症状を誘発する 新しいメカニズムを明らかにしています
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 免疫学
- 神経科学
背景:
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) によって引き起こされる肺結核は,主要な感染経路である絶え間ない咳を伴います.
- 咳の反射は肺の感受性ニューロンを関与し,いくつかの病原体はニューロンを標的とする分子を産生します.
- Mtb感染が咳を誘発する特定のメカニズムと,Mtb由来の咳誘発分子の存在は,以前は知られていなかった.
研究 の 目的:
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) が咳を誘発する分子メカニズムを解明する.
- 発覚神経細胞を活性化し 咳を誘発する 特定のMtb生成分子を特定する
主な方法:
- Mtbの有機抽出物を用いてノシセプティブニューロンのインビトロ活性化.
- 活性成分を生化学分析で特定する
- 野生型とSL-1欠乏したMtb株を用いたギニア豚モデルにおける咳誘発の評価.
主要な成果:
- Mtbの有機抽出物は,ノシセプティブニューロンを in vitroで活性化することが判明した.
- Mtbによって生成されるグリコリピドであるスルフォリピド-1 (SL-1) は,神経細胞活性化に責任のある分子として特定されました.
- SL-1 合成に欠陥のある Mtb 変異体は,実験室内では神経細胞を活性化できず,コウモリに咳を誘発しなかった.
- Mtbに感染した豚の咳はSL-1合成に依存していた.
結論:
- Mycobacterium tuberculosisは,複合脂質スルフォリピド-1 (SL-1) を使用して,神経受容体を活性化します.
- これは新種の分子メカニズムで 毒性の高いヒト病原体が 咳を誘発します
- SL-1は,咳を誘発することによって肺結核の病原化に寄与する重要な毒性因子です.
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