中東呼吸器症候群

Ziad A Memish¹, Stanley Perlman², Maria D Van Kerkhove³

¹College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Research Center, King Saud Medical City Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Lancet (London, England)

|March 8, 2020

まとめ

中東呼吸器症候群の新型コロナウイルス (MERS-CoV) は,高い死亡率で重篤な疾患を引き起こす. この優先病原体の管理と将来のアウトブレイクを防ぐには継続的な監視と研究が不可欠です

科学分野:

感染症
公衆衛生
ウイルス学

背景:

中東呼吸器症候群コロナウイルス (MERS-CoV) は,致命的な動物性病原体で,2012年に発生した.
MERS-CoVは,世界的に散発的な症例,コミュニティ・クラスター,病院内での流行を引き起こし続けています.
世界保健機関 (WHO) は,MERS-CoVを重篤な病気,高い死亡率,および流行の可能性のために優先病原体として特定しています.

研究の目的:

MERS-CoVに関する知識の更新された概要を提供する.
MERSの流行病学,ウイルス学,伝播,病原性,診断,臨床的特徴,管理に関する現在の見解を強調する.
予防と制御の改善のための研究優先事項を特定する.

主な方法:

このセミナーでは,報告されたMERS-CoV症例とアウトブレイクに関する現在の知識をまとめています.
疫学,臨床的特徴,管理戦略に関するデータをレビューします.
また,治療薬とワクチン開発の進行中の研究についても論じています.

主要な成果:

2012年4月から2019年12月まで,MERS-CoVが確認された症例は2499件,死亡率は858件 (死亡率は34.3%) で,世界保健機関に報告されました.
サウジアラビアは,ほとんどの症例 (2106) と死亡 (780) を報告した.
韓国 (2015) を含め,ヒトからヒトへの感染が著しく発生した.

結論:

MERS-CoVは,継続的な警戒を必要とする重要な世界的な健康上の脅威です.
治療薬やワクチンを含めた効果的な医療対策が緊急に必要とされています
MERS-CoVの理解,管理,予防を改善するためにさらなる研究が不可欠です.

さらに関連する動画

06:04

Antigen-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Specific Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Published on: February 24, 2023

2.8K

03:22

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pathogen Detection and Disease Assessment in Real-Time Using M-ROSE

Published on: March 1, 2024

785

関連する概念動画

01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

719

Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...

719

01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

928

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:

928

01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

671

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...

671

01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

377

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...

377

01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

460

Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...

460

01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

1.2K

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...