密集型養殖は 鳥類の集団構成に 長期的な変化をもたらします
J Nicholas Hendershot1,2, Jeffrey R Smith3,4, Christopher B Anderson3,4
1Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. jhende@stanford.edu.
Nature
|March 20, 2020
まとめ
多様化農業は 鳥類の群れや生物多様性を損なう 密集型農業とは異なり 長期的な保全の機会を提供します この研究では コスタリカの 18年間に渡る鳥の個体数を追跡し 農耕が集中している地域では 鳥の個体数が大幅に減少していることを明らかにしました
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 保護生物学
- 農業科学
背景:
- 農業の拡大は生物多様性の喪失の主な要因です
- 保護地域だけでは 十分ではありません
- 生物多様性に対する多種多様な農業の長期的な影響は まだ十分に研究されていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 鳥の群れに対する農業の長期的な影響を評価する.
- 生物多様性の変化を集中農業,多様化農業,自然林生息地で比較する.
- 異なる農業環境における鳥の群れに対する気候の影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- コスタリカの鳥の群れを18年に渡って 縦断的に調べました
- ハビタット比較:集中農業,多様農業,自然林
- 地域特有種やIUCNレッドリストの種を含むコミュニティの構成の変化の分析
主要な成果:
- 密集型と多様化された農業の生息地で観測された 鳥の群れの長期的変化
- 密集型農業では 固有の種とIUCNレッドリストの種が 最も減少しています
- 密集型システムにおける鳥の群れは,気候の変動 (より暑く,より乾燥した時期) により脆弱であった.
結論:
- 農業の多様化によって 保護区以外での生物多様性の長期的損失を軽減できます
- 密集型農業は 鳥類の生物多様性や生態系機能に悪影響を及ぼします
- 生物多様性の保全のための農業の景観管理を考慮する必要があります.
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