ドーパミンは,認知作業の利益とコストをバイアスすることによって,認知作業を促進します
A Westbrook1,2,3, R van den Bosch2,3, J I Määttä2,3
1Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. andrew.westbrook@brown.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 21, 2020
まとめ
メチルフェニダートは 利益とコストの比率を変化させることで 認知能力を高めます ドーパミンの合成能力はこの効果に影響し,メチルフェニダートは,特に能力が低い人の動機付けを高めます.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 認知心理学
- 精神薬学
背景:
- メチルフェニデートのような刺激剤は 認知能力の向上のために広く使用されています
- メチルフェニダートが認知活動に及ぼす 精密な神経生物学的メカニズムは不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- メチルフェニダートが 認知的な努力の意向に どのように影響するか調べる
- これらの効果を媒介する線状ドーパミン合成能力の役割を探求する.
主な方法:
- 一瞬の視線追跡による 連続サンプリングモデルを利用した
- 参加者にメチルフェニダートとスルピリド (D2受容体抗体) を投与した.
- 認知的な努力と関連する意思決定の準備を測った.
主要な成果:
- メチルフェニダートは,認知的なタスクの利益とコストの比率を変化させることで,認知的モチベーションを高めます.
- ストライタルドーパミンの合成能力が高くなり 努力する意欲も高まった.
- メチルフェニダートとスルピリドは,ドーパミンの合成能力が低い個体において,認知的動機を高めました.
- メチルフェニダートは 利益の効果を強めるので 意思決定には 利益対コストの情報を 早期に増幅することが必要です
結論:
- メチルフェニダートは,線状ドーパミンのシグナリングを調節することによって,認知的努力を強化し,費用と相対的に認識された利益を効果的に増加させます.
- ドーパミンの合成能力の個々の差異は,認知的動機に関するメチルフェニダートに対する反応に大きな影響を与えます.
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