呼吸道 の 保護 プログラム が 明らか に なっ た
Sara L Prescott1, Benjamin D Umans1, Erika K Williams1
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Cell
|April 8, 2020
まとめ
研究者達は 呼吸道を守る 希少な喉の感覚神経細胞を発見しました このP2RY1神経細胞を活性化すると 呼吸道防衛レフレクスを起こし 吸い込みと窒息を防ぐことが重要です
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 感覚生物学
- ヴァーガル神経機能
背景:
- 喉頭感覚神経の機能障害は 吸い込みや窒息などの 生命を脅かす状態につながります
- 喉の防御レフレクスの特定の感覚経路はよく理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 喉の神経を刺激し 呼吸道を保護する 希少な感覚神経を特定し 特徴づけること
- 呼吸道防衛メカニズムの 協調を促す神経細胞の役割を解明する
主な方法:
- マッピング,アブレーション,そして光遺伝的制御のために, ヴァーガルと光の感覚ニューロンの包括的な遺伝的アトラスを利用した.
- オプトジェネティクスを用いてニューロンの反応を調査し,標的ニューロンの除去後に保護レフレクスを評価した.
主要な成果:
- マウスの1つあたり約100個の喉内膜P2RY1ニューロンの希少な集団を特定した.
- ヴァガルP2RY1ニューロンの光遺伝的活性化により 呼吸道防衛プログラムが誘発され 呼吸不全,声帯添加,飲み込み,呼吸反射が起こりました
- これらのP2RY1ニューロンの消去は,喉の水と酸への保護反応を廃止しました.
- 解剖学的マッピングは,P2RY1ニューロンが喉の味覚に隣接する体球末端を形成し,上皮細胞からATP信号を受信することを示した.
結論:
- P2RY1神経細胞は 呼吸道を守るための重要なセンチネルで 重要な防御レフレクスを開始します
- 皮質細胞はATPを介してP2RY1ニューロンと通信し,新しい感覚経路を強調します.
- これらの発見は,呼吸道防衛に関する機械的洞察と,内臓における迷走神経媒介の感覚を理解するためのロードマップを提供します.
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