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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

47.8K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
47.8K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

11.9K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
11.9K
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

11.0K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
11.0K
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

3.7K
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
3.7K
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

5.4K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
5.4K
Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

7.2K
Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
7.2K

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Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor
10:16

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor

Published on: July 13, 2015

27.2K

周辺嗅覚コード化における受容体駆動による広範な調節

Lu Xu1, Wenze Li2, Venkatakaushik Voleti2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY, 10027, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 11, 2020
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

複雑な匂いの混合は 嗅覚システムに挑戦します 新しい 研究 に よる と,嗅覚 受容体 の 活性化 だけ で は なく,鼻 の 嗅覚 相互作用 が 香り を 強化 し て いる

さらに関連する動画

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
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Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

Published on: April 23, 2019

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High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity
12:02

High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity

Published on: June 2, 2014

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor
10:16

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor

Published on: July 13, 2015

27.2K
Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
09:53

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

Published on: April 23, 2019

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High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity
12:02

High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity

Published on: June 2, 2014

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科学分野:

  • 神経科学
  • 嗅覚系生物学
  • 感覚処理

背景:

  • 単一の匂いの嗅覚は理解されていますが,現実の匂いには複雑な混合が含まれています.
  • 匂いの混合物の処理の基礎となる神経機構は,大部分が不明である.

研究 の 目的:

  • 複雑な匂いの混合に 嗅覚神経がどのように反応するかを調べるため
  • 嗅覚処理における周辺変調のメカニズムを理解する

主な方法:

  • 高通量スイープコンフォカルアライネッドプラナルエキシテーション (SCAPE) 顕微鏡を用いた.
  • ネズミの嗅覚表皮に 約1万個の嗅覚神経が並行して描かれています
  • 様々な匂いの組み合わせに対する 細胞の反応を分析した

主要な成果:

  • 匂いの混合物は,ほとんどのニューロンで単純な添加反応を生じさせなかった.
  • 神経レベルでの匂い剤の間の有意な対抗性および相乗効果 (強化) 相互作用が観察されました.
  • 検出されたすべての匂いは,受容体と混合物の文脈によって,アゴニストとアンタゴニストの両方として作用した.

結論:

  • 嗅覚神経細胞の反応を 顕著に変化させるのです
  • この周辺的調節は 複雑な匂いの混合を識別する 嗅覚システムの能力を高めます
  • この発見は 周囲の匂いの処理が かつて考えられていたより 複雑であることを示唆しています