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関連する概念動画

Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
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The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

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Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
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An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides
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核群結合SOX2およびSOX11構造がパイオニア因子機能を明らかにする

Svetlana O Dodonova1, Fangjie Zhu2, Christian Dienemann1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.

Nature
|May 1, 2020
PubMed
まとめ

SOX2のような先駆的な転写因子は 核染色体DNAに結合し 歪曲してクロマチンを開きます これは幹細胞の多能性と分化に不可欠な 遺伝子発現を促進します

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • エピジェネティクス
  • 構造生物学

背景:

  • パイオニア転写因子は,多能性,分化,再プログラムを含む細胞プロセスに不可欠です.
  • これらの要因は,密集したクロマチンの内部の遺伝子にアクセスし,制御することができます.
  • SOX2は胚性幹細胞の多能性と自己再生に不可欠な重要なパイオニア因子です.

研究 の 目的:

  • SOX2 と SOX11 のパイオニア転写因子が核細胞と相互作用する構造的メカニズムを解明する.
  • これらの要因が遺伝子調節のためのクロマチンのアクセシビリティをどのように促進するのかを理解する.

主な方法:

  • クリオ電子顕微鏡を用いて,SOX2とSOX11のDNA結合ドメインの構造を決定した.
  • 分析はSOX因子結合に起因する分子相互作用と構造変化に焦点を当てた.

主要な成果:

  • SOX因子は,核群の超螺旋位置2でDNAに結合し,局所的なDNA歪みを引き起こします.
  • 結合はヒストンオクタマーからDNAの末端の分離を容易にし,DNAのアクセシビリティを高める.
  • SOX結合はヒストンH4のN端尾の位置を変更し,潜在的に高次元の核細胞堆積を妨害する.

結論:

  • パイオニアの転写因子は,染色体を開くための結合エネルギーを利用する.
  • このプロセスは核細胞を再構成し,その後の遺伝子転写を容易にする.
  • この発見は,遺伝子発現を制御するクロマチンの障壁を克服するパイオニア因子の構造的な洞察を提供します.