視覚皮質のダイナミックな刺激により,視覚障害者や盲目の人の視覚が形成される

Michael S Beauchamp¹, Denise Oswalt¹, Ping Sun¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Cell

|May 16, 2020

まとめ

新しい視覚皮質義肢 (VCP) 戦略は,ダイナミックな電極刺激を使用して形状を追跡し,視覚的形状を素早く認識することができます. 視力を回復する新たな道を開きます視力を回復する新たな道を開きます

科学分野:

神経科学
生物医学工学
眼科について

背景:

視覚皮質義肢 (VCP) は,盲人の視力を回復することを目的としています.
現在のVCP戦略では,フォスフェンがピクセルのように結合することを想定しています.
この仮定は複雑な視覚的形態の復元を制限しています.

研究の目的:

視覚野のダイナミック・シーケンス刺激を用いた代替VCP戦略をテストする.
このダイナミックな刺激が形状の一貫した視覚的知覚を生み出すことができるかどうかを判断する.
視覚障害者や視覚障害者の形状認識の速度と精度を評価する.

主な方法:

動的なシーケンスで視覚野に電気刺激を与える VCP システムを開発した
視覚障害者と視覚障害者の両方にテストを行いました
参加者はVCPで提示された文字の形を認識するよう求められました.

主要な成果:

ダイナミックな刺激により視覚障害者や盲目の双方に文字の形を正確に認識することができました
盲目の参加者は形状を素早く認識し 1分間に 86の形状を認識することができました
視覚世界の脳内にある空間地図は認識される形状を予測します

結論:

ダイナミック・シーケンシャル・刺激を用いたVCPは,視覚的な形態の一貫した知覚を生み出すことができます.
このアプローチは,ピクセルベースのフォスフェンの制限を回避します.
脳の皮質を刺激することで機能的な視力を回復する戦略を示しています

キーワード:

盲目になった脳についてダイナミック電気エレクトロッド人間ホスフェンプロテス刺激するビジュアル

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