抗PfGARPは,寄生虫のプログラム細胞死を活性化し,重度のマラリアを減少させます
Dipak K Raj1,2, Alok Das Mohapatra1,2, Anup Jnawali1,2
1Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, USA.
Nature
|May 20, 2020
まとめ
新しいマラリアワクチン候補であるプラズモディアム・ファルシパラムのグルタミン酸に富んだタンパク質 (PfGARP) が有望である. PfGARPを標的にする抗体は重度のマラリアを予防し,寄生虫の密度を低下させ,マラリアの制御に新たな道を開きます.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 寄生虫学
- ワクチン学
背景:
- プラズモディアム・ファルシパラムマラリアは子供死亡の主な原因であり,完全に有効なワクチンはありません.
- 免疫性のある個体によって認識される新しい寄生虫抗原を特定することは,ワクチン開発にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- マラリア耐性児の抗体によって認識されるPlasmodium falciparum抗原を特定する.
- マラリアワクチンの候補としてPfGARPの可能性を評価する.
主な方法:
- プラズモディアム・ファルシパラムの寄生虫タンパク質の差分スクリーニング
- マラリア耐性およびマラリア感受性の子供の血の抗体の分析.
- 感染した赤血球のインビトロ殺菌試験
- 人間以外の霊長類のワクチン接種と挑戦試験
- タンザニアとケニアの集団における縦断的なコホート研究
主要な成果:
- プラズモディウム・ファルシパラムのグルタミン酸に富んだタンパク質 (PfGARP) は,マラリア耐性小児における抗体の標的として特定されました.
- PfGARPに対する抗体は,トロフォゾイトに感染した赤血球のプログラム細胞死を誘発する.
- ヒト以外の霊長類では,PfGARPのワクチン接種は部分的な保護をもたらした.
- 抗PfGARP抗体が欠けていた個人は,重度のマラリアと寄生虫の密度の増加のリスクがありました.
結論:
- PfGARPは,Plasmodium falciparumマラリアに対する有望なワクチン候補抗原である.
- PfGARPに対する抗体は,感染した赤血球を殺すことで保護します.
- PfGARPベースのワクチンは,他のマラリア対策戦略と連携する可能性があります.
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