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ブルガリアのバチョ・キロ洞窟の初期高古時代のホモ・サピエンス

Jean-Jacques Hublin^1,2, Nikolay Sirakov³, Vera Aldeias⁴

¹Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. hublin@eva.mpg.de.

|May 21, 2020

まとめ

ヨーロッパにおける初期のホモ・サピエンスはネアンデルタール人より前の存在で,バチョ・キロ洞窟 (ブルガリア) の遺骨や遺物によって証明されています. この発見はホモ・サピエンスが 4万5千年前より前に到着しネアンデルタール人の集団と交流したことを示しています

科学分野:

古人類学
考古学
遺伝学

背景:

中世から上古石器時代への移行は,ネアンデルタール人がホモ・サピエンスによって置き換えられたことを含んでいた.
これらのヒト群の間の相互作用の正確なタイミングと性質は議論の余地があります
この過程における地域的な違いを理解することは初期の人類の歴史を再構築するために極めて重要です

研究の目的:

ヨーロッパにおけるホモ・サピエンスとネアンデルタール人の間の年代的重複を調査する
初期上古石器時代の技術的発展の時期を決定する.
初期のホモ・サピエンスとネアンデルタール人の間の生物学的,文化的相互作用を探求する.

主な方法:

初期高古時代の遺物で発見されたヒト類の直接的な年代測定
ヒトの歯の化石を分析した
ミトコンドリアDNA分析ホミニン骨の断片
プロテオミクスクリーニングホミニン識別

主要な成果:

バッコ・キロ洞窟 (ブルガリア) の遺骸はホモ・サピエンスと特定された.
これらの遺体は4万5千年前まで遡ります
この発見は,初期上古石器時代の技術がユーラシア大陸への初期ホモ・サピエンスの拡大と結びついている.
関連した遺物には後のネアンデルタール人によって作られたものに似た骨のペンダントが含まれています

結論:

ホモ・サピエンスがユーラシアの中央緯度で存在していたのは以前考えられていたよりもずっと早かった
初期上古時代の技術の拡大はホモ・サピエンスの到来と関連している.
これらの発見は,ネアンデルタール人の集団と相互作用したホモ・サピエンスのヨーロッパへの移住の複数の波のモデルをサポートしています.

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