シナプスベシクルグルタミン酸トランスポーターにおけるイオン輸送と調節
Fei Li1,2, Jacob Eriksen2, Janet Finer-Moore1
1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 23, 2020
まとめ
研究者らは,膀性グルタミン酸輸送体 (VGLUT) の構造を明らかにし,グルタミン酸がシナプス膀にどのように輸送されるかを説明しています. これはシナプス伝達と脳機能の 洞察を与えてくれます
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 構造生物学
- 生物化学
背景:
- シナプス伝播は,神経伝達物質がトランスポーター経由で膀に蓄積されることに依存する.
- 主要な刺激性神経伝達物質であるグルタミン酸の濃縮には,膀性グルタミン酸トランスポーター (VGLUT) が不可欠である.
- VGLUTメカニズムを理解することは,脳の機能にとって不可欠ですが,構造データ不足によって制限されています.
研究 の 目的:
- 核膜のグルタミン酸トランスポーターの 構造を決定する
- グルタミン酸輸送とVGLUT調節の分子メカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- 高解像度構造データを得るために,冷凍電子顕微鏡 (cryo-EM) が使用された.
- ネズミのVGLUT2の構造は3. 8アングストロムの解像度で決定された.
主要な成果:
- この研究は,ネズミのVGLUT2の最初の冷凍-EM構造を示しています.
- pHと塩化物によるグルタミン酸結合とアロステル活性化のための提案された構造ベースのメカニズム.
- グルタミン酸結合部位を交差する 塩化物浸透経路を特定した.
結論:
- VGLUT2の構造は,シナプス伝達におけるその機能の分子基盤を提供します.
- この発見は,VGLUTの活性がシナプス膀の条件 (pH,塩化物) によってどのように調節されるかを説明する.
- この研究は 脳の機能に不可欠な神経伝達物質の 輸送に関する理解を深めています
関連する概念動画
01:33Overview of Secretory Vesicles
9.2K
Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
9.2K
01:30Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism
3.6K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
3.6K
01:26Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane
16.3K
Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
16.3K
01:26Neurochemical Transmission: Sites of Drug Action
3.3K
Neurochemical transmission, the conduction of electrical impulses between neurons mediated by neurotransmitters, plays a vital role in various physiological processes. Autonomic drugs exert their effects by modulating neurotransmission within the autonomic nervous system. For instance, drugs such as hemicholinium block the precursor uptake necessary for synthesizing acetylcholine, an essential autonomic neurotransmitter. Following synthesis, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles. Metyrosine...
3.3K
01:26Chemical Synapses
4.0K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
4.0K
01:26Chemical Synapses
11.0K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
11.0K