ステージとコンテキストは,複合腫瘍変異の機能を決定する
Alexander N Gorelick1,2, Francisco J Sánchez-Rivera3, Yanyan Cai4
1Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|May 29, 2020
まとめ
ヒト腫瘍の4分の"近くが 複合変異を備えています 複合変異は 癌の1つの遺伝子内の複数の変異と定義されます これらの複雑な遺伝子変異は 特定の進化的圧力から生じ,癌の発達と治療戦略に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学
- ガンゲノミクス
- 分子生物学
背景:
- 癌は病気の進化につながる ドライバー変異から発生します
- 癌遺伝子の連続遺伝的進化と アレル的な文脈を理解することは 極めて重要です
- 現在の研究では 癌の複合変異について 総合的な理解が欠けている.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間の腫瘍における複合変異の流行と特徴を調査する.
- 複合変異を形作る 進化のダイナミクスと選択的圧力を探る
- 複合変異の機能的および治療的影響を解明する.
主な方法:
- ヒト腫瘍の大群における体内変異の分析
- 癌に関連した遺伝子内の複合変異の識別と分類
- 遺伝子用量と選択圧力に関連した複合変異の機能的評価.
主要な成果:
- 人間の腫瘍の約25%は 癌に関連した遺伝子の複合変異を示しています
- 複合変異は特定の遺伝子で濃縮され,ホットスポット変異はそれほど一般的ではありません.
- これらの変異は,腫瘍的適性および選択的圧力によって影響される時間的プロセスによって生じます.
- cis作用の複合変異は,ハイパーモルフィック活動と機能の選択を含む遺伝子およびアレル特有の機能的結果を示します.
結論:
- 複合変異は癌の発症における 重要な原動力変化を表しています
- その形成は文脈とアレル特有の選択的圧力によって引き起こされる.
- これらの複雑な変異は,潜在的な生物学的および治療的重要性を持つ新形態的機能につながる可能性があります.
関連する概念動画
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes
11.0K
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
11.0K
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell
14.4K
Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
14.4K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
7.1K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
7.1K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
5.2K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
Somatic...
5.2K
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation
6.5K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.5K
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions
5.7K
Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
5.7K


