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Constant Volume Calorimetry02:41

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Calorimeters are useful to determine the heat released or absorbed by a chemical reaction. Coffee cup calorimeters are designed to operate at constant (atmospheric) pressure and are convenient to measure heat flow (or enthalpy change) accompanying processes that occur in solution at constant pressure. A different type of calorimeter that operates at constant volume, colloquially known as a bomb calorimeter, is used to measure the energy produced by reactions that yield large amounts of heat and...
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Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical...
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Voltage and current measurements using a standard voltmeter and ammeter alter the circuit being measured either by drawing or resisting the current flow, which introduces uncertainties in the measurements. Null measurements balance the voltages so that no current flows through the measuring device and, therefore, no alterations occur in the measured circuit.
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Amperometry: Overview01:10

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Amperometry is a technique commonly used to measure the concentration of specific analytes in a solution by monitoring the electric current generated during an electrochemical reaction. It involves applying a constant potential between a working electrode and a reference electrode to measure the resulting current, which is proportional to the concentration of the analyte. The Clark oxygen electrode operates based on this principle of amperometry. It consists of a cathode and an anode enclosed...
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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Mapping the Binding Site of an Aptamer on ATP Using MicroScale Thermophoresis
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分子クランプを使用してアプタマー折りたたみエネルギーを測定する

Hao Qu1, Qihui Ma1, Lu Wang1

  • 1School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 4, 2020
PubMed
まとめ

研究者はアプタマーの折りたたみエネルギーを測定する簡単な方法を開発しました アプタマーの安定性と機能の重要な要因です このテクニックは,アプタマー研究を支援する折りたたみエネルギーを決定するために,DNA分子クランプとゲル電泳を用いる.

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科学分野:

  • バイオ物理学
  • 分子生物学
  • 生物化学

背景:

  • アプタマーの折りたたみエネルギー (ΔGfold) は,アプタマーの安定性と機能を理解するために重要である.
  • アプタマー折りたたみエネルギーの実験的な測定は,一般的な技術がないため困難です.

研究 の 目的:

  • アプタマーの折りたたみエネルギーを測定するための単純で一般化可能な方法を提示する.
  • アプタマーの安定性と機能を特徴付けるための新しいツールを提供する.

主な方法:

  • アプタマー末端に結合した二重鎖DNA分子クランプを使用して,平衡条件下でアプタマーを伸ばします.
  • ストレスのあるDNA分子の内部エネルギーを測定するためにタイムラップゼルの電泳法を使用します.
  • アプタマーを含むおよび非構造DNA分子の折りたたみおよび展開行動を比較して,アプタマー折りたたみエネルギーを導きます.

主要な成果:

  • HD22トロンビンアプタマーの折りたたみエネルギーを10.40 kJ/molで測定し,既存の予測と一致しました.
  • 単純なヘアピン構造の折りたたみエネルギーは9.05 kJ/molと決定され,計算上の予測と密接に一致しました (9.24 kJ/mol).

結論:

  • 開発された戦略は,様々なアプタメアの折りたたみエネルギーを測定するためのアクセシブルで汎用的なアプローチを提供します.
  • この方法は,アプタマーの安定性と機能のより正確な特徴付けを容易にする.