肝-脳-腸神経弧は,腸内のT細胞ニッチを維持しています
Toshiaki Teratani1, Yohei Mikami2, Nobuhiro Nakamoto1
1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Nature
|June 12, 2020
まとめ
新しく発見された肝-脳-腸神経経路は 腸内の免疫細胞を制御しています この経路は 腸内ホメオスタシスを維持し 炎症性腸疾患の予防に不可欠です
科学分野:
- 神経免疫学
- 胃腸内科
- 微生物群の研究
背景:
- 腸-脳軸は,中枢神経系と腸内微生物の相互作用を記述しています.
- 調節性T細胞誘導を含む腸内免疫ホメオスタシスの理解は,炎症性腸疾患の予防に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 腸内免疫ホメオスタシスを制御する神経メカニズムを解明する.
- 周辺のT細胞 (pTreg細胞) を調節する腸と脳のコミュニケーション経路を特定する.
主な方法:
- 肝臓-脳-腸神経弧を調査した
- ネズミのモデルで ヴァーガルアフェレンスの外科的および化学的混乱を活用した.
- アルデヒド脱水素酵素 (ALDH) 発現と網膜酸の合成を腸の抗原呈現細胞で評価した.
- マスカリン・アセチルコリン受容体の役割を調べた
主要な成果:
- 肝臓の無動脈感受器の障害により,大腸のpTreg細胞とALDHの発現が低下した.
- マスカリン・アセチルコリン受容体の活性化により,抗原を提示する細胞におけるALDH遺伝子発現が増加した.
- 毛細血管の障害は,マウスモデルで大腸炎の感受性を高めました.
結論:
- 新種のヴァーゴ・ヴァーゴ・肝・脳・腸 反射弧はpTreg細胞数を制御し 腸内ホメオスタシスを維持します
- この経路は,炎症性および免疫性腸疾患の潜在的治療目標です.
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