人間特有のARHGAP11Bは,胎児マームセットの霊長類新皮質のサイズと折り畳みを増加させる

Michael Heide¹, Christiane Haffner², Ayako Murayama^3,4

¹Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany. heide@mpi-cbg.de huttner@mpi-cbg.de.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 20, 2020

まとめ

人間特有の遺伝子であるARHGAP11Bは,カモメの新皮質の膨張を誘導する. この遺伝子は原始細胞ニューロンそして脳の大きさを増し人間の新皮質の発達を反映します

科学分野:

進化生物学
発達神経科学
遺伝学

背景:

高度な認知機能に欠かせない新皮質は哺乳類の進化の過程で大きく拡大しています
人間特有の遺伝子ARHGAP11Bはマウスとフレットの新皮質の拡張に関与しているが,霊長類の進化におけるその役割は不明である.

研究の目的:

ヒト特異遺伝子のARHGAP11Bが霊長類の新皮質の発達と進化における機能的役割を調査する.

主な方法:

ARHGAP11Bの過剰発現は,ヒトのプロモーターを用いて,普通のサメの胎児新皮質に発生する.
先生の細胞数,ニューロン生産,新皮質の大きさ,折り畳みパターンの分析.

主要な成果:

ARHGAP11Bの発現は,外側下室領域の基礎線状腺原生細胞を増加させた.
新皮質の拡大と折りたたみにつながった.
ARHGAP11Bが非人間霊長類におけるヒト新皮質の進化を反映した発達変化を誘発することを実証した.

結論:

人間特有の遺伝子ARHGAP11Bは,霊長類の新皮質の拡大の主要な原動力である.
ARHGAP11Bは原始細胞の増殖とニューロンの生成に影響を与え,脳のサイズと複雑さの増加に寄与する.
発見は,霊長類の新皮質の進化的拡張におけるARHGAP11Bの役割の機能的証拠を提供します.

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