回復期におけるSARS-CoV-2に対するコンバージェント抗体の反応
Davide F Robbiani1,2, Christian Gaebler3, Frauke Muecksch4
1Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. drobbiani@irb.usi.ch.
Nature
|June 20, 2020
まとめ
ほとんどのCOVID-19患者には中和抗体が少ないが,SARS-CoV-2受容体結合領域 (RBD) を標的とした希少で強力な抗体は一貫して発見されている. これらの再発性抗体は,広範に有効なワクチンの潜在的な標的を示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- ウイルス学
- ワクチン学
背景:
- SARS-CoV-2によって引き起こされるCOVID-19のパンデミックは,広範な病気と死亡率をもたらしました.
- 宿主細胞へのウイルスの侵入は,スパイク (S) タンパク質の受容体結合領域 (RBD) によって媒介される.
- ヒトの抗体反応を理解することは,ワクチンを含む効果的な対策の開発に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- COVID-19から回復した人の抗体反応を調査する.
- SARS-CoV-2 RBDを標的とする抗体の中和活性と特異性を特徴付ける.
- 広範に有効なCOVID-19ワクチンの潜在的な標的を特定する.
主な方法:
- 149人のCOVID-19患者の血サンプルを分析した.
- 偽ウイルス中和タイトルの半最大値の測定
- 拡張したB細胞クローンとその特異性を特定するための抗体配列決定.
- 特定のRBDエピトープの中和のための半最大抑制濃度 (IC50) の決定.
主要な成果:
- プラズマ中和タイトルは79%のサンプルで1,000未満で著しく変化した.
- 抗体の配列解析により,RBD特異的な記憶B細胞の複製が個体間で再現された.
- 低血位にもかかわらず,3つの異なるRBDエピトープを標的とした強力な中和抗体が特定され,IC50値は2ng/ mlまで低かった.
結論:
- 大半のCOVID-19の回復期のプラズマは,中和作用が限られている.
- 広範な抗ウイルス活性を持つ強烈なRBD特異抗体がすべての個体で確認された.
- これらの発見は,このような抗体を誘発するように設計されたワクチンがSARS-CoV-2に対する広範な保護を提供することを示唆しています.
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