カナリアの歌の語法に隠された神経状態
Yarden Cohen1, Jun Shen2, Dawit Semu3
1Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. ycohen1@mgh.harvard.edu.
Nature
|June 20, 2020
まとめ
研究者達は 過去の歌の要素を記憶する カナリアのニューロンを発見し 複雑で長距離の構文規則を可能にしました これらの発見は,ニューラル
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 動物 の 行動
- バイオアコースティック
背景:
- 人間の話し方や 鳥の鳴き声のような 複雑な発音には 構文のルールがあります
- カナリアの歌は長距離依存性を示し,フレーズの選択は過去の歌の構造に依存します.
- これらの長距離構文規則の基礎となる 神経機構は ほとんど未知のままです
研究 の 目的:
- カナリアの歌の長距離配列依存をコードする 神経基板を調査する
- 特定のニューロンと 曲の構文に関連した活動パターンを特定します
主な方法:
- ミニチュアヘッドマウント顕微鏡を使って カナリアの前運動核 (HVC) の神経活動を記録した.
- 標的型の神経観察のための細胞型特有の遺伝的ツールを使用した.
- カナリアのレパートリーに含まれる 様々なフレーズ配列の探索中に 神経活動を分析した.
主要な成果:
- HVCのニューロンは 過去のトランジションを カナリアの歌でコードし 4つのフレーズと4秒に及ぶ
- これらのニューロンは 将来の行動よりも 過去の行動を優先します
- これらのニューロンは複数の曲の歴史を反映し,歴史に依存した移行時に活性化することが観察されました.
結論:
- HVC内のダイナミクスは,現在の行動だけでなく,以前の行動に関する情報を運ぶ"隠された状態"を含みます.
- これらの発見は,声の学習における長距離規則によって支配される構文移行の制御のための神経基板を示唆しています.
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