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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
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Bacterial RNA Polymerase

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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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RNA Structure

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Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells
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定量的なクロス進化マッピングによって明らかになったダイナミックなRNAアセチル化

Aldema Sas-Chen1, Justin M Thomas2, Donna Matzov3

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

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|June 20, 2020
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まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

N4-アセチルシチジン (ac4C) は保存されたRNAの改変である. 新しい方法では,ヒトや酵母 mRNAとは異なり,高温で成長を助長するアルカイアにおけるその役割が明らかにされています.

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • RNAの改変
  • ゲノミクス

背景:

  • N4-アセチルシチジン (ac4C) は,tRNAとrRNAで発見された古代のRNA変異である.
  • ユカリオットmRNAにおけるその存在と機能は完全に理解されていません.
  • シチジンのアセチル化ダイナミクスはさらなる調査が必要である.

研究 の 目的:

  • ac4Cのトランスクリプトーム幅のマッピングの方法を開発する.
  • 異なる生物におけるac4Cの分布と機能を調査する.
  • 熱適応におけるac4Cの役割を調査する.

主な方法:

  • ac4C-seqという 化学的ゲノム解析技術の開発
  • シングルヌクレオチド解像度でのac4Cの定量マッピング.
  • クロス進化プロファイリングと冷凍電子顕微鏡

主要な成果:

  • ac4Cはヒトや酵母 mRNAには含まれませんが,誘発される可能性があります.
  • 超熱性アーキアは,様々なRNAタイプで高いレベルのac4Cを示しています.
  • ac4Cのレベルは温度とともに上昇し,その欠如は成長障害を引き起こす.

結論:

  • ac4CはRNA,特に古生物の熱適応において重要な役割を果たします.
  • ac4Cの環境は定量的に定義され,将来の研究のための基盤を提供しています.
  • 生物学と病気における この改変の役割は 更に研究が必要である.