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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer
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Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

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温度による光化学的選択性の調節:TiO2のイソブタノール

Carla Courtois1, Constantin A Walenta2, Martin Tschurl1

  • 1Chair of Physical Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 30, 2020
PubMed
まとめ

バイオマスからの化学生産を制御するには 反応経路を理解する必要があります この研究は,イソブタノールの光酸化における温度依存の選択性を明らかにし,効率的な光触媒過程の設計に不可欠である.

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The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance11:47

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The addition of a hydrogen halide to 1,3-butadiene gives a mixture of 1,2- and 1,4-adducts. Since more substituted alkenes are more stable, the 1,4-adduct is expected to be the major product. However, the product distribution is strongly influenced by temperature; low temperature favors the 1,2-adduct, whereas the 1,4-adduct is predominant at high temperature.
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Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
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The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
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The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
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