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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...
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2次元の共性有機フレームワークにおける層間シフト

Chengjun Kang1, Zhaoqiang Zhang1, Vanessa Wee1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 8, 2020
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

溶解により二次元共性有機フレームワーク (2D COF) の層の積み重ねがAAから準AB構造に変化する. この溶媒による再配置は2DCOFで一般的であり,その性質に影響します.

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 化学について
  • クリスタルグラフィー

背景:

  • 層の積み重ね構造は二次元共性有機フレームワーク (2D COF) で一般的です.
  • 溶媒のないCOFと比較して,2DCOFの構造的行動はほとんど未研究のままである.

研究 の 目的:

  • 溶解された2D COFの in situ 構造を調査し,決定する.
  • ソルバットと乾燥した2DCOFの構造的な違いを理解する.
  • 2D COFにおける溶媒による構造変化の普遍性を探求する.

主な方法:

  • 溶解された2D COF構造の現地測定
  • 粉末X線微分 (PXRD) データ分析
  • 密度関数理論 (DFT) とパウリー精錬を含む計算モデリング.

主要な成果:

  • ソルバットされた2DCOFは,乾燥状態のAAスタッキングとは異なる準ABスタッキング構造を形成する,重要な層間シフトを示す.
  • 溶媒の相互作用は層間の引き寄せを弱め,この構造的再配置を容易にする.
  • DFTの計算は,ソルバットされたCOFで準ABの積み重ねをエネルギー的に好むことを確認しています.
  • この現象は4つの異なる結晶2DCOFで観察され,普遍性を示した.

結論:

  • 溶解は2D COFのAAから準ABへの普遍的な層間堆積の再配置を誘導する.
  • これらの発見は,ソルバット状態の2DCOF構造の再評価を必要とします.
  • 溶媒によって引き起こされる構造の変化は,COFの湿った環境での応用に新しい道を開く.